Example; The Framing Effect
Social desirability bias - Students may have noticed the answer of their friends and chosen the same answer.
Individual differences - Some may be able to spot the deliberate simularity in the sotuations.
Experimenter Bias - Groups allocated non-randomly, task not explained clearly/differently.
Demand characteristics - Participants might be able to guess that there was a comparoson and different question on each sheet.
Situational factors - Time, temperature etc. may affect the results.
It is important that confounding varibles are minamalised in research as they reduce the validity (the extent to which changes in the DV can be attributed to changes in the IV)
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