Conduction, convection and radiation

Conduction:

• Thermal energy flows through the object, solids and liquids
• Hotter molecules collide with cooler particles, transferring kinetic energy
• Metals are good conductors of heat as they have free electrons

Convection:

• Heat flows in liquids and gases
• When heated, particles speed up, volume increases and it expands
• Density decreses so it rises, cooler, denser particles fall

Radiation:

• Any hot object will emit thermal radiation in the form of infrared electromagnetic radiation
• Higher the temperature, more thermal radiation is emitted
• Shiny = Reflects
• Matt black = Emits

Small volume + Large weight = High density

Large volume + Small weight = Low density

Density (g/cm3) = Mass (g) / Volume (cm3)