Component 1 - Key Topics

Deoxygenated blood into heart via vena cava, into the right atrium. It then travels through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. Once this has happened, the semilunar valve opens and the blood is pumped out of the heart, to the lungs via the pulmonary artery. It is then transferred back into the heart from the lungs by the aorta. The semilunar valve opens to let it go into the left atrium, then ventricle and finally, pumped to the rest of the body via the aorta.

Lung volume refers to the capacity of the lungs (how much air they can hold).

Tidal volume is the amount of air inspired or expired in a normal breath.

Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air the lungs can expire after the maximum amount they an inspire. This is made up of:

• Tidal volume.
• Expiratory reserve volume - the maximum volume that can be exhaled.
• Inspiratory reserve volume - the maximum volume that can be inhaled.

Planes of movement: A plane is an imaginary line that movement direction occurs in. 

Sagittal Plane divides the left and right side of the body, vertically.

Frontal Plane divides the front and back of the body, vertically.

Transverse Plane divides the top and bottom of the body, horizontally.

Sagittal Axis goes from front to back.

Frontal Axis goes from side to side.

Vertical Axis goes from top to bottom.

Sagittal Plane and Frontal Axis - The only movements that can occur in the sagittal plane about the frontalaxis are: Flextion and Extension.

Frontal Plane and Sagittal Axis - The only movements that can occur in the frontal plane about the sagittal axis are: Abduction and Adduction.

Transverse Plane and Vertical Axis - The only movements that can occur in the transverse plane about the vertical axis are: Rotation and Twisting.