Comparison of approaches

Behaviourist: consequences of behaviour, determines likelihood of behaviour reocurring. Emphasise importance of external forces in environment.

SLT: observations of others (vicarious learning), behaviour largely product of experience. Learning processes provide tools for behaviour, up to individual when to apply tools (free will).

Cognitive: own thought processes. Some control over behaviour.

Biological: physiological + genetic factors, out of own control.

Psychodynamic: unconscious factors largely unkown to us, beyond conscious control. Freudian slips eg calling someone wrong name cause by unconscious factors operating w/in motivational system.

Humanistic: own free will. People exercise choice in behaviour.

Behaviourist: nurture, consequence of interactions w/ environment + behaviour w/in environment.

SLT: mainly nurture (learn as result of watching others), but assumed capacity to learn through observation has some adaptive value, therefore likely to be innate (nature).

Cognitive: both. Thought processes innate, all share same means of cognitive processing (nature), problems may arise when develop irrational thoughts as result of experiences (nurture).

Biological: mainly nature. Bio factors product of innate factors. Experience may modify systems.

Psychodynamic: both. unconscious forces (nature), how we cope w/ these due to upbringing (nurture).

Humanistic: both. eg drive to self-actualise (nature), problems w/ achieving this from experiences + upbringing - conditional positive regard (nurture).

Behaviourist: positive. Highly objective, experimentally based. Allows for high degree of replication.

SLT: positive. Research investigations reliable + allow inferences about cause + effect to be drawn, but eg Bobo doll can lack ecological validity as artificial settings.

Cognitive: positive to degree. Most propositions easily tested, but mental processes largely unobservable, great deal of inference necessary.

Biological: positive, experimental study.

Psychodynamic: mixed. Some aspects open to scientific investigation, also reliance on case studies + subjective interpretation.

Humanistic: largely negative. Argue scientific methods derived from + suited for natural sciences, not appropriate for studying complexities of human consciousness + experience.