All matter is made up of atoms. Each atom has a nucleus (central part) composed of neutrons and protons, collectively called nucleons, which are subatomic particles with neutral and positive charges respectively. Each proton and electron has a relative mass of 1.
Electrons, discovered in 1898 by J.J. Thomson, are subatomic particles with negative charges which move around the atomic nucleus in rings known as shells. Each electron has a negligible relative mass.
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