Stalin achieved most of his aims:
- Grain production rose to nearly 100 million tonnes in 1937, although the numbers of animals never recovered.
- Russia sold large quantities of grain to other countries.
- 17 million people left the countryside to work in towns.
- Kulaks were eliminated.
- Peasants were closely under the government's control.
However, the human cost was immense:
- Around three million Kulaks were killed.
- There were famines in 1930 and 1932-3 where five million people starved to death.
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