COGNITIVE APPROACH EXPLAINING DEPRESSION

PSYCHIATRIST 1967 SOME PEOPLE MORE VULNERABLE THAN OTHERS

PERSONS COGNITIONS CREATES VULNERABILITY

THREE PARTS COGNITIVE VULNERABILITY

DEPRESSED ATTENT NEGATIVE ASPECTS - IGNORE POSTIVES

E.G.  ONE LOTTERY FOCUS FACT COULD WON MORE

SMALL PROBLEMS OUT PROPORTION

SCHEMA PACKAGE IDEAS INFRO DEVELOPED EXPERIENCE - MENTRAL FRAMEWORK INTEPRETATING SENSORY INFO

SELF SCHEMA INFO ABOUT OURSELEVS

SCHEMA INTEPRT WORLD SO NEGATIVE SELF SCHEMA - SEE US NEGATIVE WAY

DYSFUNCIONA VIEW - THREE TYPES NEGATIVE THINKING OCCUR AUTOMATICALLY 

-VE VIEW WORLD - "WORLD COLD HARD PLACE" - NO HOPE ANYWHERE

-VE VIEW FUTURE - "ECONOMY WONT GET BETTER" - REDUCE HOPEFULNESS ENHANCE DEPRESSION

-VE VIEW OF SELF - "I AM FAILURE" - ENHANCE DEPRESSIVE FEELINGS CONFIRM EXISTING EMOTIONS

RANGE EVIDENCE SUPPORTS IDEA DEPRESSION FAULTY INFO PROCESSING, NEGATIVE SELF SCHEMA & COGNITIVE TRIAD

GRAZIOLI & TERRY ASSESS 65 PREGNANT WOMEN BEFORE / AFTER BIRTH. 

WOMEN HIGH VULNERABILITY MORE LIKELY DEVELOP POST NATAL DEPRESSION

CLARK & BECK REVIEWD & CONCLUDED SOLID SUPPORT

FORMS BASIC CBT THERAPY

ALL COGNITIVE ASPECTS IDENTIFIED CHALLENGED CBT 

THERAPIST CAN CHALLENGE THEM - ENCOURAGE PATIENT TEST WHETHER THEY ARE TRUE

TRANSLATES WELL SUCCESSFUL THERAPY

FOCUS BASIC SYMPTOMS 

DEPRESSION COMPLEX

PATIENTS DEEPLY ANGRY BECK CANT EXPLAIN EXTREME EMOTION

SOME SUFFER HALLUCINATIONS OCASSIONALY COTARD SYNDROME

CANT EXPLAIN THESE CASES

ALBERT ELLIS (1962) PROPORSED GOOD MENTAL HEALTH RESULT RATIONAL THINKING

CONDITIONS ANXIETY / DEPRESSION RESULT IRRATIONAL THOUGHTS

ELLIS DEFINED IRRATIONAL - THOUGHTS INTEFERE US BEING HAPPY / FREE PAIN

ABC MODEL EXPLAIN IRRATIONAL THOUGHTS AFFECT BEHAVOUR / EMOTIONAL STATE

A - ACTIVATING EVENT

• FOCS IRRATIONAL THOUGHTS TRIGGERED EXTERNAL EVENTS
• DEPRESSED EXPEREINCE NEGATIVE EVENTS 
• FAILING TEST / ENDING RELATIONSHIP = TRIGGER IRRATIONAL BELIEFS

B - BELIEF

• IRRATIONAL BELIEFS - E.G. UTPOIANSIM - LIFE MEANT TO BE FAIR

C - CONSEQUENCES

• IRRATIONAL BELIEFS = BEHAVIOURAL CONSEQUENCES
• MUST SUCCED THEN FAIL - TRIGGER DEPRESSION

NO DOUBT SOME CASES DEPESSION FOLLOW ACTIVATING EVENTS - REACTIVE DEPRESSION - DIFFERENT COMPARD ARISE NO OBVIOUS CAUSE

ONLY APPLYS SOME KINDS - ONLY PARTIAL EXPLANATION

LED SUCCESFUL THERAPY

CHALLENGING IRRATIONAL BELIEFS - REDUCE DEPRESSION - SUPPORTED RESEARCH EVIDENCE (LIPSKY 1980)

SUPPORTS BASIC THEORY SUGGEST IRRATIONAL BELIEF SOME ROLE DEPRESSION

EXPLAIN WHY SOME MORE VULNERABLE RESULT COGNITIONS

DOESNT EASILY EXPLAIN ANGER OR HALLUCINATIONS

NOT ALL IRRATIONAL

ALLOY & ABRAHMSON DEPRESSIVE REALISTS SEE THINGS WHAT THEY ARE WHEREAS NORMAL VIEW ROSE TINTED GLASSES

DEPRRESED PEOPLE ACCURATE ESTIMATES LIKELHOOD DISTASTER THAN NORMAL CONTROLS