Acoustic
BADDELEY (1966)
Participants were asked to remember a list of 10 words that were shown on a screen for 3 seconds each. There was three conditions: Acoustically similar, semantically similar and a control group. In the acoustically similar condition the words sounded the same. In the semantically similar condition words had similar meanings. In the control group the words had no connection.
It was found that immediate recall was worse with acoustically similar words.
CONRAD (1964)
Participants were shown a presentation of sequences of 6 consonants and asked to recall the sequences.
It was found that letters that were similar sounding were more difficult to recall than letters thart sounded different.
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