coasts case study: causes and effects of cliff collapse- Holderness coast

• strong prevailing winds increasing the amount of lond shore drift- beaches can't always protect the cliff
• soft clay cliff whcih erodes 10m a year
• mass movement- impermable clay, as rain soaks in the cliff slumps down

• groynes built at mappleton to stop long shore drift, this has increased erosion south of Mappleton as less sediment can get to beaches

              - erosion has increased by 3 times

              -farmland and houses lost in undefended areas

social

• homes and businesses lost or at threat of erosion
• house prices rise
• harder to insure houses
• lifeboat station on end of spurn point at risk of being cut off from the mainland
• whole villages could be lost- 100 vilages have been lost in past 2000 years
• transport links destroyed- mainroad between hornsea and Wiithersea under threat

economic

• british gas works at risk of erosion- energy could be lost for 1000's
• fertile agricultural land lost
• loss of tourism- attractive area for tourism
• tourism also effected because caravan parks are destroyed or have to be moved back, the threat of erosion puts tourists off.
• businesses lost

• Mappleton- groynes built to build up the beach, no longer at rick from erosion but has increased erosion down the coast
• Withersea beach- sea wall built

                                     - rock armour

• spurn point spit- groynes built