Waves
Constuctive waves have a stong swash and weak backwash, whereas, Destructive waves have a stong backwash and weak swash
The formations of Caves, Arches, Stacks & Stumps
- Sea erodes cliff (Hydraulic Power) and creates cracks
- Water gets into cracks, making them longer and they form into small caves(Corrosion)
- Air trapped in cave increase pressure and can lead to cave breakthrough (Arch)
- Under-cutting cause arch to collape, leaving part of the cliff detached, called a Stack
- Futher under-cutting causes the stack to erode, forming a stump, which may be covered in high tides
Headlands and Bays are Erosional Landforms
Resistant hard rock is eroded slower by waves than less resistant soft rock, leaving the hard rock jutting out. These are called headlands. The eroded soft rock leaves bays carved into the cliff.
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