The reversal of charge causes a localised current which causes the Na channels in the adjactent area to open, so the next section gets repolarised
the section behind - the K channels open so that bit gets repolarised then hyperpolarisared
this delays the next action potential from being passed to close to the first
the K channels then shut so that the resting potential is restored ready for next action potential
this way the action potential only moves in one direction - towards the axon terminals, otherwise it could span out in both directions
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