Development and modification of Merton and Cohen
Criticisms of Merton:
1) Doesn't explain the different forms that deviance takes e.g. some gangs rob, while others vandalise.
2) Explanation is incomplete - only considers legitimate opportunity structure not unequal nature of illegitimate opportunity structure.
Three responses:
A) Criminal subcultures
B) Conflict subcultures
C) Retreatist subcultures
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