Chemistry Unit 1a

What is a Hydrocarbon?

It is a compound which contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

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What is the general formula for alkanes?

C_nH_2n+2

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How can alkenes be described?

Unsaturated

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How can alkanes be described?

Saturated

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The most viscous hydrocarbons are likely to leave.

The bottom

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Which gas is not formed by the combustion of hydro

Oxygen is not formed by the combustion of hydrocarbons.

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Which gas is mainly responsible for acid rain?

Sulfur dioxide

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What is caused by the release of carbon dioxide in

Global warming

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What are the products of complete combustion of a

carbon dioxide and water

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Incomplete combustion can produce black particles

Incomplete combustion can produce black particles of carbon.

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Bioethanol is a biofuel. This means that it:

Comes from plant material

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Which process allows large hydrocarbons to be brok

Cracking

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Which hydrocarbon is unsaturated and why?

Alkenes are unsaturated because they have double bonds.

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What happens when an alkene is mixed with bromine

The bromine water changes from orange to colourless

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In the displayed formula for an alkene, = represen

A double covalent bond

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What is formed when ethene reacts with steam?

Ethanol

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In the reaction, ethene ==> poly(ethene) ...what i

Ethene is the monomer.

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Why can polymers be difficult to dispose of?

They do not break down easily.

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What is the formula for ethanol?

C₂H₅OH

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What is one of the advantages of making ethanol by

One of the advantages of making ethanol by fermentation is the raw material is a renewable resource.

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Where are vegetable oils found?

In seeds, nuts and some fruit

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What do unsaturated oils tend to be like at room t

Unsaturated oils tend to be liquid at room temperature.

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Which chemical is needed to harden vegetable oils?

Hydrogen

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What conditions are needed for hydrogenation?

60°C and a nickel catalyst are needed for hydrogenation.

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What is mayonnaise an example of?

An emulsion

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Vegetable oils have higher boiling points than wat

Food can be cooked at higher temperatures in oil than it can in water.

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Starting with the centre of the Earth, what is the

Core, mantle, crust

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What causes tectonic plates to move?

Convection currents in the mantle

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At what rates do tectonic plates move per year?

A few centimetres per year

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What crude oil fraction is used as a fuel for airc

Kerosine

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Crude oil contains many compounds. The compounds a

Hydrocarbons

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What type of reaction is cracking?

Thermal decomposition.

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The alkene with 3 carbon atoms is called

Propene

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Alkenes can be used for..?

To make polymers.

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What is the test for alkenes?

Bromine water.

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What is the symbol for carbon monoxide?

CO.

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What compound is CO?

Carbon Monoxide.

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What is the main gas that is causing global warmin

Carbon Dioxide.

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Which gas in the atmosphere is the main cause of a

Sulphur Dioxide

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Poly(ethene) is used to make..?

Plastic carrier bags.

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The polymer made from ethene is called?

Poly(ethene)

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What will happen when you heat a thermosetting pol

Will stay solid.

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What will happen when you heat a thermosoftening p

Will become liquid.

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Most polymers are not biodegradable. This means th

They will not decompose in soil.

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In an exothermic reaction, energy is..?

Given out

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What happens during a endothermic process?

Chemical bonds are broken.

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The word equation for fermentation is..?

Yeast+Glucose ----->CarbonDioxide+Alcohol.

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A mixture of water and alcohol can be seperated by

Fractional Distillation

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What will a catalyst do to the rate of the reactio

Increase.

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What happens to a catalyst in a reaction?

It is not used up.

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What does a catalyst do to the activation energy i

It decreases the activation energy for the reaction.

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What type of catalyst is an enzyme?

A biological catalyst.

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What is an isomerase?

The enzyme which converts glucose into fructose.

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How was crude oil formed?

Includes:

Sea animals died and sank to bottom of sea where they were buried.

Bodies did not decay as no oxygen for bacteria to survive.

Remains placed under high temperatures and high pressures.

Process takes millions of years.

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What is fractional distillation?

The process of seperating crude oil.

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