chemistry chemical bonds

strong chemical bonds

ionic compounds: these are usually oppositely charged ions whuich are electrostatically attracted, they also occur in compounds formed from metals combined with non-metals
covalent bonding: there is an electrostatic attraction between the nucleus of atoms and the shared pair of electrons, they also occur in most non-metallic elements in compounds of non metals
metallic bonding: particles are atoms which share delocalised electrons. it is also a strong electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons, this only occurs in metal elements and alloys

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metal + non-metal: electrons in the outer shell of the metal atom are transferred
metal atoms lose electrons and become positively charged
non-metal atom gains electrons and becomes negatively charged

ions produced by metals in group 1 and 2 and by non-metals in group 6 and 7 have an electronic structure of noble gases= they have a full outer shell (8 electrons)

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Most metals have a high melting and boiling points
layers of atoms in metals are able to slide over each other, so metals can be bent and shaped.

Alloys are made from 2 or more different types of metals
the different sized atoms distort the layers in the structure making it harder for them to slide over each other = alloys are harder than pure metals

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they are a good conductor of electricity because the delocalised electrons in the metal carry the electron through the metal
they are also good conductors of heat as energy is transferred through the delocalised electrons.

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