Method 1:
One way to soften water is to add Sodium Carbonate to it. Sodium Carbonate is also called washing soda, because it has been used when people have washed clothes for many years.
When we add washing soda to hard water, it precipitates out Calcium and Magnesium ions as insoluble carbonates. Once these ions, which cause 'hardness', are no longer in the solution, they cannot react with the soap. This means that the water is soft.
This reaction is similar to formation of limescale when hard water is heated. However, here it happens quickly, where and when we want it to happen.
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