Charles's Parliaments

parliment of 1625: met in an atmosphere of gloom, plague killed 20% of population. about tonnage and poundage; coke and phelips created an attack on BUCKINGHAM. they persuaded the HOC to only vote it for 1 year to test him. buckingham was failing his duty to protect the seas and this is what the money was raised for. it wasnt a direct challenge to the crown by parliament, but to protest againt the d of b. parliament not convinced that land war was neccessary. speeches were being made that asserting that there was going to be toleration for roman catholics and with no financial support from the commons james dismissed them.

Parliament of 1626: tension between king and parliament. charles needed money. again, the attack on buckingham continued. mainly by sir john eliot. lords supported arundel and birstol; (people buckingham had attacked in the past) he released arundel, but bristol knew vital information about the bribes in 1623 for the spanish matcdh which failed. in 1626 bristol threatened to make it public. to keep him quite charles charged him with treason. bristol charged buckingham with treason and gave a lot of supporting evidence. lords accepted the charge against buckingham. Charles was worried about buckingham so he threatened parliament saying that they were in his power. despite his threat, the commons voted to impeach buckingham. this was danger for the favourite as normally the commons and lords supported the crown. charles had no option but to dismiss parliament. no hope for finanical support.

The parliament of 1628: mood of distrust. buckingham was the most hated man in england. with his control of patronage and failed foreign policy. charles promoting arminianism. martial and billeting law were now illegal. and against the subjects rights. kings conduct in the five knights case gave MP's cause for concern. he had little regard for the law. he needed about half a million pound because his martial law, billeting and forced loands were not raising enough money. parliament were determined to get charles to understand that there were limits to his powers.

Petition of rights: 1628. sir edward coke (lawyer) decided on petition of right that would define the traditional rights of the subject that had existed. john pym stated that the aim was not to give parliament more powers and the crown less, but for the king to understand his rights. it started with illegal acts made by the royal gov in last 10yrs. laid out: forced loans illegal, soliders not billeted, marial law illegal and no free man should be imprisoned. charles was reluctant to sign it, this aroused further suspicion from mp's. national event when he eventually he signed it.

commons impeached a laudian minister too. who was infavour of forced loans. the commons wrote 2 remonstrances to the king. excessive power of buckingham and favouritism of arminians. the other, collection of tonnage and poundage yet not voted.

-death of buckingham

three resolutions: eliot and his group were convinced that charles was going to dismiss parliament and rule without it. adjournment announced, the eliot group barred the door while they passed the three resolutions. anyone bringing in popery or arminianism = capital enemy of king + kingdom. anyone who toldking to collect tonnage and poundage were a capital enemy + anyone who paid tonnage and poundage was a capital enemy. > charles imprisoned him as he over stepped the mark. +  he dismissed parliament. some people who supported eliot also thought he had gone too far.this made him dismiss parlient as the commons would not co-operate with him.