Characteristics of a river in the upper, middle and lower course

-V-shaped valleys

-Interlocking spurs

-Waterfalls

-Vertical erosion

-Steep gradient

-Narrow river channel

-Shallow rivers

-Slow flowing- due to friction- most of the water is in contact with the bed and banks-> the rest of the river's energy is used to erode downwards

-Small discharge

-Large rocks

-Lateral erosion- due to the lack of gradient

-Medium gradient

-U-shaped valley

-Wide river channel

-Deep river channel

-Faster flowing- less contact with the banks+ the river bed- less friction-> more power to erode

-More discharge- more tributaries- more water+ rocks

-Smaller material

-Deposition

-Meander bend

-Deposition- due to large load the river is carrying

-Gentle gradient

-Broad valley

-Wide river channel

-Deep river channel

-Fastest flowing- less friction

-Large discharge

-Silt+ suspended material

-Ox-bow lakes

-Floodplains and levees