(Chapter 1) Cell Structure

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Structure of a Eukaryotic Cell

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Structure of a Prokaryotic Cell

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Cell Specialisation- Sperm Cell

  • Ejaculated during male ******
  • Swim through female reproductive system
  • Have a tail
  • Have lots of mitochondria to respire
  • Nucleus is stored in the head and contains male DNA
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Cell Specialisation- Nerve Cell

  • Controls and coordinates all activitie
  • Two main parts:
    • Central Nervous System
    • Peripheral Nerve System
  • Longest cells in human body
  • Have extensions called axons coated in a myellin sheath
  • Have branches called dendrites
  • Have smaller extensions to fell neighbouring cells
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Cell Specialisation- Muscle Cell

  • All muscles in our body contract and relax
  • Three types:
    • Smooth (lines vessels and eyes, contracts automatically)
    • Cardiac (walls of heart, contracts automatically)
    • Skeletal (found attached to bones, concious movement)
  • Lots of mitochondria as muscular connection requires lots of energy
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Cell Specialisation- Root Hair Cell

  • Have small extensions in plants the poke out of the soil
  • Lots of plants have very long roots that look like a spider's web
  • The long cells increase surface area allowing more water and minerals to be absorbed
  • Plants would die without root hair cells
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Cell Specialisation- Xylem Cell

  • Forms long tubes running along the roots and stem of a plant
  • Carry water and dissolved minerals throughout the plant
  • Walls are reinforced with lignin which is waterproof
  • Made from dead cells
  • Carry water to green parts of a plant for photosynthesis
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Cell Specialisation- Phloem Cell

  • Carries glucose made in photsynthesis in a process called translocatio
  • Sugar is immediately used for respiration
  • Alive
  • They have specialised walls
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