Changing population
Geography exam
- Created by: Renee Elward
- Created on: 07-06-12 18:24
Distribution and Density
- Population density -is defined as the number of people living in a square kilometre. Places can be described as being densely populated or sparsely populated.
- Population distribution - describes how people are spread out. Some terms used to describe distribution include even, clustered and random.
reasons for differences in population
- a range of physical factors such as relief, climate, soil, vegetation and natural resources
- a range of human factors such as urban growth, industrial growth , agricultural development and governmental policies
Where people live in Brazil
Brazil has a population of 186 million
- the north is sparsely populated ( contains the amazon river and dense vegetation )
- the north east contains a third of the countries population ( numbers are decreasing due to drought )
- the south east has the highest population density ( it contains the cities Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro )
- the south has high population ( fertail soil and suitable climate )
Urbanisation
this is the process by which an increasing proportion of a population live in urban areas. Migration of people from the countryside to cities, together with higher birth rates and international migration in urban areas, lead to urbanisation
Counterurbanisation
this is a term to describe to movement of people from urban to rural areas
Why people move from rural to urban areas
This is common in LEDCs
- People believe that urban areas are places of 'bright lights', job opportunities and access to services such as schools and hospitals
- high population increase causes land and food shortages in rural areas
- Lack of money and a lack of education means a life of poverty in the countryside
Why people move from urban to rural areas
This is a feature of many MEDCs
- Urban areas are increasingly seen as places of crime, noise and pollution
- Rural areas are seen as places of space, quite and a sense of community
- Rural areas are thought to have good schools and be safe for children
- Many people retire and move to rural areas
Birth rates
Birth rate is the number of live births per 1000 people per year
Birth rates are high in LEDCs
- large families are seen as a sign of male virility
- some religions do not approve of contraception
- children provide labour on farms
- women lack education and are expected to stay at home to raise a family
- girls are marries early, extending their child bearing years
Births rates are lower in MEDCs
- people marry later
- women are educated and often have a career
- it is expensive to raise children
- birth control and contraception
Death rates
Death rate is the number of deaths per 1000 people per year
Death rates are low in MEDCs and falling in LEDCs
- better health care
- people have less physical demanding jobs
- people are better educated about health and hygiene
- water suppliers are more reliable and cleaner
Death rates are increasing in some MEDCs and LEDCs
- HIV is having an increasingly significant impact on death rates in LEDCs
- in MEDCs there are an increasing number of elderly people
Population structure
population is displayed in a population pyramid
- horizontal bars show the percentage of the population in each age group
- males are shown on the left and women on the right
The UKs aging population
What is the issue?
- There are more elderly dependants
- There are decreasing numbers of economically active people in the population
What can be done?
- People are working for longer
- People are being encouraged to save their retirement
One child policy in China
The policy passed in 1979
Impacts
- The birth rate in china has fallen considrably in the last 30 years
- It has reported that 90 per cent of foetuses aborted in china were female
- China's gender balance has become distored, men outnumer women in china by more than 60 million
Long term implications
- The falling birth rate is leading to an unbalanced population structure
- There are very few people of working age to support the growing number of elderly dependents
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