Poetry

Who - narrator who met traveller from ancient land
What - man has seen statue + at foot of statue is words describing greatness
When - statue is ancient
Where - desert
Why - words seem hollow as statue destroyed

Form - sonnet + iambic pentameter creates a regular sound

Structure - first line + half up to colon narrators words + rest words of traveller

"antique land" + "a traveller" - left unnamed to create sense of mystery

"trunkless legs" - lack of connection between brain + body

"tell that it's sculptures well those passions read" - shows irony as ozymandias was so desperate to be remembered by his employee (the sculpture) gets the credit

"which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things" - shows that power may fade and be lost but the art + artists vision remains

"my name is ozymadias king of kings; look on my works ye mighty, and despair" - bold statement declaring power 

"despair" - double meaning as people now despair at the loss of his works

"king of kings" - shows kings are equal to humans as all end up the same

"collosal work" - can be litteral or the wreck of the me,ory of ozymandias

"level sands" - suggests after death everyone is equal

Themes:

Who - John Agard
What - agards experience of history being taught
When - throughout time
Where - in schools + education
Why - wants to outline a history curriculum biased towards whites

Structure:

Nature metaphors:

Semantic field of light - "beacon" "fire women" "star" - illuminates poets identity

Poem divided in two - dem tell me sections have accusatory tone created by repeating "dem tell me" and other section has celebratory tone created by nature imagery

"bandage up me eye with me own history blind me with me own identity" - shows education not fulfilling purpose

"1066 and all dat" - shows Agard has disregard for history he feels is irrelevent to him

"dem tell me about man who discovered de balloon" - doesnt say name as feels irrelevent to him

References to nursery rhymes - "de cow who jump over de moon" symbolises infancy of education system

"but now I checking out me own history, I carving out me identity" - changes trajectory of poem as shows he's taking his education into his own hands and "carving" has connotations whith scupltures which takes a long time but are beautiful once completed

Who - a daughter describing memories of her dad
What - her dad returned home after backing out of kamikaze mission 
When - after WW2
Where - Japan 
Why - explores reasons for turning back and outlines the loss of honour for the dad

"green blue translucent sea" + "dark shoals of fishes" - semantic field of sea 

"father," "brothers," "grandfathers," "mother," "children" - establishes consequences of pilots decisions

Poem contrasts vividness of pilots moment of choice with disapointment of life after with little detail after his return

Poem comprised of only three sentances - reflecting idea story being told orally

Regular change in speaker expresses the turbulent feelings of the daughter

"powerful inacantations" - suggests brainwashing

"better way to die" - oxymoron shows the poor treatment of the father after return

"embarked at sunrise" - suggests adventure + discovery which is contrated to the poor quality of life he has after embarking

Shift in time from first to second stanza

"he must have looked far down" - suggests daughter attempting to justify her fathers decision

"strung out like bunting" - suggests public celebration which is juxtaposed to the bad public reaction

"like a huge flag waved first one way" - flag has connotations with patriotic feelings and therefore shows pressure of the nation

"swiveled towards the sun" - swiveled suggests turning point

"yes, grandfathers boat" - interupts story + reminds reader this is voice of a storyteller

Contrast between - "we children still laughed + chattered" + "we too learned to be silent"

Who - Wilfred Owen
What - dying in trenches from weather
When - WW1
Where - trenches
Why - to deglorify war

Poem focuses on the misery felt by WW1 soldiers waiting overnight in the trenches despite no fighting and instead just the weather

The poet has a sense of injustice about the conditions of the soldier

Title has a double meaning as Owen is explaining exposure to the weather and also exposing the hardship to the world

"our brains ache" - abrupt opening to hook reader

"the merciless iced east winds that knive" personification of winds to show soldiers vunerabilty as they can't avoid the winds unlke enemy soldiers

"worried by silence, sentries whisper, curious, nervous" - sibilant S shows the whistling of the wind

"but nothing happens" - a refrain emphasises owens beleif that the war is achieving nothing and therefore the soldiers are serving little purpose at great cost

"watching we hear" - emphasises confusion felt by soldiers

Simile - "like twitching agonies of men among its brambles" - compares the brambles trapping the soldiers in pain

"what are we doing here" - anti-climactic rhetorical question

"poignant misery of dawn begins to grow" - ironic as dawn usually associated with a new beggining and happiness but this shows how life isn't worth living for the soldiers

"we only know war lasts, rain soaks, and clouds stay strong" - shows numbness of soldiers and juxtaposition of something normal "rain soaks" + something horrific "war lasts" shows how war is part of everyday life

"sudden succesive flights of bullets streak the silence" - uses sibilant alliteration with S sound to create faster pace + represent the firing of bullets

"less deathly than the air that shudders black with snow" - soldiers more likely to die from cold than war + "black with snow" is oxymoron showing danger of snow

"our ghosts drag home: glimpsing the sunk fires" - the men hallucinate and experience visions of home

"we turn our back to dying" - loss of faih by soldiers or loss of love for soldiers by god

"the burying-party, picks and shovels" - switches to third person narrative

"pause over half-known faces" - understated emotions

Who - first person soldier
What - story of soldiers shooting looter
When - modern times
Where - middle east
Why - shows consequences of war

Soldier attempts to justify himself despite uncertainty about his reason for doing so

Dramatic monologue

"on another occasion" - starts in middle of a conversation (in media res)

"to tackle looters raiding a bank" - "tackle" is a euphemism that softens harshness of reality (kill or attack)

"legs it up the road" - colloquial expression showing the conversational tone of the soldier + shows how soldier treats the event casually as a way of coping

"probably armed, possibly not" - the soldiers guilt roused by uncertainty and the repetition of this suggests that it plays on the mind of the soldier

"well myself + somebody else and somebody else are all of the same mind" - soldier finds comfort in emphasising that others agreed with the decision

Repetition of "I see" - in present tense suggests that he can still see the events + can't get them out of his head

"tosses his guts back into his body" - informal language to try and deal with seriousness

"carted off" - dehumanises the dead looter to reudce guilt

"end of story, except not really" - shows how memory will live on in soldier

"his blood-shadow stays on the street" - shows killing will not only stain street but stain mind of soldier

"torn apart" - shows fragility of life as can be ripped like paper

"the drinks and drugs wont flush it out" - shows thoughts are trapped in is head and he can't get them out

"he's here in my head when I close my eyes"

"dug in behind enemy lines" - semantic field of war to show thoughts embeded in his head

"his bloody life in my bloody hands" - bloody has double meaning as in aggresive + colloquial way and also shows theres blood on his hands

Who - emigree forced by war to leave her home country
What - explains memories of homeland
When - modern times
Where - eastern city
Why - explores feeling of regret for leaving

"there was once a country" - style of a childrens fairytale to show idealistic childhood and country is left anonymous to show it is the same for immigrants everywhere

"the bright filled paperweight" - a metaphor for the unchangeable ideas about her city in the narrators mind

"it may be at war, it may be sick with tyrants" - personifies county as being ill like a live creature but can get better as only sick

"sunlight" - repeated at end of each stanza to show dream image of past in narrators mind

"even clearer as time rolls its tanks" - shows time as the enemy

Semantic field of war - "time rolls its tanks" + "frontiers rise between us"

"that child’s vocabulary I carried here like a hollow doll, opens and spills a grammar" - her childhood language is banned but occasionly spills out

"I can't get it off my tongue. It tastes of sunlight" - shows the fond memories of her childhood

"but my city comes to me in its own white plane" - city still comes to her in visions

"I comb it's hair and love it's shining eyes" - city personified as doll which associated with childhood

"my city takes me dancing through the city of walls" - city personified as lover

"they accuse me of absence"- guilt towards leaving city

"my city hides behind me. They mutter death, and my shadow falls as evidence of sunlight" - ambiguous + tone contrasts rest of poem