changing economic world

fairtrade:

• paying producers a fair wage for their work
• gives farmers a fair wage which can allow them to escape the poverty cycle.

debt relief:

• debts are reorganised to make them more manageable, or reduced.
• if a country is too indebted, they have no money to put into development.

microfinance loans:

• small loans with reasonable interest rates given to businesses and people
• often individuals wouldn't be able to get credit, so it allows them to develop

bilateral aid:

• money is given from one government to another
• the recipient country is normally tied to the donor, has to buy their goods.

multilateral aid:

• aid given from international agencies, e.g: world bank, WHO
• usually focus on what the country actually needs

aid from NGOs:

• given from charities such as oxfam, in the form of donations
• go towards small-scale local projects which genuinely help individuals

Vision Mumbai:

improving living conditions in Dharavi by building flats instead of slums, and improving services such as a school and health centre, make new jobs.

advantages:

• improve living conditions for the locals
• allows them to get out of the poverty cycle
• more hygienic and safer- actual sanitation.

disadvantages:

• estimated cost of $2 billion so hasn't even started!
• high rise flats tear up communities.

LSS:

a bottom-up health clinic which aims to stop the spread of leprosy as well as improving education on the need for sanitation.

advantages:

• goes to the root of the problem to stop it reoccuring
• has nurseries to help young parents work

disadvantages:

• requires on its own fundraising and its own volunteers
• is unable to access all parts of the slum so can't help everyone

<1980s:

• mainly primary, substinence farming on an individual scale
• provides little profit, so little room for development

late 1980s:

• government encouraged TNCs to set up factories
• led to a rise in secondary sector, which provides more profit

modern day:

• lots of tertiary in the form of call and help centres
• rather a lot of quaternary in the form of research universities

it's an attractive country for a TNC because the workers speak english, has strong IT skills and have lower wages.

advantages:

• created jobs and provided education training to employees
• infrastructure of the country has been improved, new roads etc
• pays tax to the government which can be spent on development projects

disadvantages

• take advantage of weaker environmental laws by seriously polluting
• a lot of the profit is taken from India to the TNC's country of origin
• the best jobs are normally reserved for international workers

trading:

• imports raw materials such as oil from China and UAE
• exports valuable items such as jewellry and clothing to the UK and USA

this allows them to make a large profit as they export the more expensive items

politics:

• it's an important trading partner with HICs
• population of 1.2 billion; second largest population in the world
• has a seat on the UN security council
• it's a member of the G-20; one of the 20 most influential countries

income:

£13,560 disposable house income in the north, £20,509 in the south

unemployment:

7.7% in the north east, 4.4% in the south east

house prices:

average of £154,000 in the north east with £305,000 in the south east

life expectancy:

71.8 years for a male in manchester, 83.1 years for a male in Dorset

HS2:

• high speed train linking London and northern cities
• encourages businesses to set up bases up north

enterprise zones:

• 24 have been created since 2011, provide economic incentives to be there
• creates new jobs for locals improving the local economy

local enterprise partnerships:

• partnerships betweenlocal authorities and businesses
• identify business needs and encourage companies to invest

European Union:

• over 50% of our trade is with the EU
• we're one of 28 countries

The Commonwealth:

• group of 57 countries, our old colonies
• celebrated in the commonwelath games

G7:

• 7 most politically powerful nations
• meet yearly to discuss global economic problems

transport:

• high speed rail link to europe
• lots of global airports ( Gatwick, Heathrow )

culture:

• books such as harry potter are sold globally
• english is a major global language

sport:

• London Marathon is one of the Abbot World Marathon series
• the premier league attracts the best footballers from the around the world

causes:

• increase in oil prices
• cheaper overseas production

effects:

• decline in population in urban areas
• large levels of unemployment

modern economy:

• finance, service, research and IT industries
• require less energy, less polluting= more sustainablr