Cells Biology AQA Unit 2

These acrds should help if you wanna revise for biology unit 2

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  • Created by: lucy
  • Created on: 15-10-11 11:47

Cells

All living organisms are made up of living cells.

Animal Cells

All Animal cells have features in their cells which they all share. For example all animal cells contain;

-Nucleus (This controls activity in the cell)

-Cytoplasm (chemical reactins take place here)

-Cell Membrane (Controls what goes in and out of the cell)

-Mitochondria (these structures is where oxygen is used and respiration takes place)

-Ribosomes (This is where protein synthesis takes place)

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Plant Cells

Plant cells

Plant cells are different from animal cells. They all make their own food through photosynethesis.

All plant cells contain-

Cell wall- This contains cellouse which supports the cell

Chloroplast- Gives plant green colour and absorbs ligh energy

Permenant vacule- This gives the cell a rigid and strong structure.

Some plant cells also contain things like the Mitochondria, Cytoplasm, Cell membrane, Ribosomes, Vacules.

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Specialised cells

Specialised Cells are adapted to suit a particular job.

Some specialised cells which usually come up in exams are sperm, egg, red blood cells, and nerve cells.

Sperm Cells

Sperms are specialised cells which are adapted to be effient at getting to the egg and fertilising it.

They are adapted as they have long tails which help them swim fast to the egg.

They also have a large nucleus which contains genetic information.

They also have acrosome which stores digestive enzymes for breaking down the outer layers of the egg.

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Fat Cells

Fat Cells

Fat Cells are another type of specialised cells.

They are storage cells which are specialised to expand, helping animals survive when food is short supply.

They are adapted by having;

-Little cytoplasm- This means there are plenty of room for large amounts of fat

-They have few mitichondira as they use little energy

-They can expand- A fat cekk can expand by 100o times its origanal size!

All these adaptions make it a specialised cell for fat!

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Enzymes in Cells

Enzymes are also used in cells. They are key for chemical reactions to take place.

Enzymes control reactions in cells.

They control-

-Respiration in the Mitochondria

-Photosynthesis in choroplasts

-Proteinsynthesis in ribosomes

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