cells & microscopy

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Plant and animal cells

  • animal cells and plant cells both have
  • a neucleus (contains DNA that controls what the cell does)
  • cytoplasm (gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen.)
  • cell membrane (holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.)
  • mitochondria (these are where most of the reactions for resperation take place... respiration releases energy that the cell needs to work).
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3 extra things that the plant cell has

1) RIGID CELL WALL (made of cellulose gives support for the cell)

2) LARGE VACUOLE (contains cell sap, a weak soloution of sugar and salts)

3) CHLOROPLASTS (where photosynthesis occurs, they contain a green substance called chlorophyll)

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bacteria cells have no neucleus!

bacteria cells are a lot smaller than plant or animal cells and have these features:

  • 1) chromosomal DNA (one long circular chromosone) controls the cells activities and replication. it floats free in the cytoplasm (not in a neucleus)
  • 2) plasmids are small loops of extra DNA that aren't part of the chromosone. plasmids contain genes for things like drug resistance, and can be passed between bacteria.
  • 3) flagellum (plural flagella) is a long hair like structure that rotates to make bacterium move.
  • 4) cell wall  the cell is supported by the cell wall.
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