cells

Plant cells contain

ALL THAT ANIMAL CELLS CONTAIN PLUS: 

• Cell wall- made of cellulose to give the cell structure
• Permenant vacuole- filled with cell sap to keep the cell rigid
• Chloroplasts- Contain chlorophyll to absorb light during photosynthesis 

Animal cells contain:

• Nucleus- contains genes and controls activity
• Cytoplasm- where most chemical reactions take place
• Cell membrane- controls passage of substances into and out of cell
• Mitochondria- where oxygen is used ad much enerygy released in respiration
• Ribosomes- where protein synthesis takes place. 

BACTERIA

• Each bacterium is a single cell
• Genetic material is not contained in a nucleus- lies in loops within the cytoplasm
• Can contain plasmids (small circular pieces of DNA carrying extra genetic information), slime capsule (outside cell wall) and/or one or more flagellum/flagella (long protein strand that enables the cell to move)
• Some bacteri cause disease but man are harmless and can be useful. 

YEAST

• single celled fungi 
• Contains nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, vacuole, foodstorage granules and cell wall 
• Bigger than bacteria
• Can respire aerobically or anaerobically
• reproduces by asexual budding  

Some cells have special features that help them to carry out their functions.

Fat cells- small amount of cytoplasm to make room for fat and few mitochondria as cell does not need much energy 

Cone cells from eye- many mitochondria to provide energy needed by visual pigment, specialised synapse that connects to the optic nerve. 

Root hair cells- increased surfac area to allow water into the cell, large permenant vacuole to speed up movement of water by osmosis. 

Sperm cells- long tail to aid movement, many mitochondria because much enegy is required, large nucleus containing genetics.