Cell Structure

?
  • Created by: Fran
  • Created on: 24-10-17 14:11

Prokaryotic

  • contains no internal membrane-bound organelles
  • single celled organisms
  • simple structures 
  • individual internal areas
    • cytoplasm composed of cytosol (made of water and salts)
1 of 8

Eukaryotic

  • contains internal membrane-bound organelles
  • two distinct areas 
    • nucleoplasm
    • cytoplasm - cytosol + membrane-bound organelles
2 of 8

The Nucleus

  • contains genetic material 
    • DNA -deoxyribonucleic acid
  • double membraned 
    • nuclear envelope - protects from damage
    • nuclear pores - found in the nuclear envelope

3 of 8

DNA

  • deoxyribonucleic acid
  • associated with proteins called histones
  • DNA + histones = chromatin
  • chromatin coils and condenses to form chromosomes

(http://www.mbowden.info/histones.jpg)

4 of 8

Nucleolus

  • responsible for ribosomes
  • composed of proteins and RNA (ribose nucleic acid)
  • RNA is used to produce ribosomal RNA

5 of 8

Mitochondria

  • mitrochondrion (sl, pl. mitochondria)
  • site of the final stages of cellular respiration 
    • energy is made available through the product of molecules of ATP
  • double membrane
  • inner membrane - highly folded (increased surface area) and forms cristae 
    • fluid interior is called matrix 
    • enzymes are fixed into cristae that controls aerobic respiration
  • contain mitochondrial DNA
    • can produce/reproduce their own enzymes
  • contains some genes

6 of 8

Vesicles

  • membranous sacs - single membrane with fluid inside
  • store and transport molecules within cells

7 of 8

Lysosomes

  • type of vesicles
  • contain hydrolytic enzymes
  • break down waste material in cells including old cells 
  • release phagocytic cells 
  • apoptosis - programmed cell death
    • can kill its own cells if infected/ something is wrong

8 of 8

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all Cellular processes and structure resources »