CBD, inner cities and rural urban fringe case studies

Manchester

• Metrolink system from Bury and Altrincham
• Built in 1997 cost £150 million
• Half the journey time in rush hour
• 1/4 of users use the metrolink instead of their cars
• Peak road use down 6%

Greater Nottingham

• Integrated policies
• plan for 2001-2006
• Park and ride for 4000 cars
• Re-allocation and road space for buses, pedestrians and cyclists
• regulation of traffic signal
• 600 new buses
• city centre zone wtih restricted access

Poverty and Low Income --->

• Low quality accommodation --->
• Homelessness Ill health ---> pressure on NHS
• Inadequate diet (processed food)---->
• few quaiforcations
• crime

Unemployment (low pay) --->

low Income --->

• Parental stress (family breakdown) ---> ill health ---> poor school attendance ->
• low quality accommodation --->

Unable to do school work ---> few quaiforcation ---> Unskilled ---->

Unemployment ---->

De-Industrialisation

• Old fashioned factories cannot be used for todays industry
• Sites too small and restricted no room for expansion
• Narrow roads in the inner cities, difficult for large lorries
• Inner cities exspensive, may as well build on suburban land
• Crime, people brake in, Vandalism, Arson
• Closer of textile mills, dye works, engineering works
• In, Miles Platting, Hulme, and Deane, Bolton
• There as been a decline in demand for wool ect
• Competition from cheap foreign imports, cheaper labour
• At the rural-Urban fringe new types of Industry in new locations eg Hitachi at the middle brooke
• Industrial estates example beehiven industrial estate Bolton

Issues in the inner city

Social Problems

• Vandalism,
• crime,
• lack of skilled labour,
• lack of investment
• poor housing
• high unemployment
• poor schools
• racial conflict

Industrial problems

• narrow streets
• expensive land
• 50% unemployed

Environmental Problems

• Congestion
• manys houses were without gardens
• no open space
• lots of pollution
• litter
• nosie pollution
• dirlick land
• polluted rivers

Residential Problems

• poor housing
• not much thought gone into shopping prarade
• high rise blocks poor design
• poor colours
• poor planning
• damp

Hulme, Urban renewal project

• 1970's, high rise, boring colours and design, uniform, poor quailty, flat roofs

Model for the new Hulme

• Social mix
• 3 storey double fronted, 2 house single fronted

Urban Environment

• Offset building and mixed design, recycled brick, cobbled roads, trees, community, safty

Hulme today

• 3 different housing designs
• parking bayss reduced crime
• nice designed houses, ornoremental brick

Sanctuary Park

• Safe play area for young children
• No vandalism

Central Manchester Development Corporation

• set up in 1998
• Built the Bridgewater concert hall
• Bridgewater office development
• 2 million leisure vistors
• many warehouses have been turned into residental in the woodworth's street area

City centre

• spinningfields project £500 million redevelope the area around river Irwell and Deansgate
• places that have been redeveloped included :flats, a five star hotel, magistrates court building, a library, the manchester evening news offices and the law courts
• There are also many new bars, shops and restaurants

Castlefield

• Manchester council brought the area in 1978
• They used its indust

Metrolink