1. Steep relief: Goats are farmed as they're well adapted to live on steep mountains. Trees and man-made defences are used to protect against avalanches and rock slides.
2. Poor Soils: Animals are grazed in high areas as soil is not good for arable.
3. Limited Communications: Roads built over passes (lower points on mountains) EG Brenner Pass between Austria and Italy. Passes are long and can be blocked by snow so tunnels are cut through mountains for fast transport links. EG Lotschberg Base Tunnel has been cut through Bernese Alps in Switzerland.
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