CASE STUDIES- TOURISM

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UK tourism- Swanage

over two million tourists each year because of the natural environment ( Old Harry rocks, Durlston Head, the Jurassic coast, Swanage bay) the activites for all age groups ( arcades,beaches,cafes,restaurants,bird watching,boat trips...) and cultural attractions ( Swanage heritage centre, steam railway and the annual folk festival)

strategies to cope with large numbers of tourists:

extra traffic: the park and ride from Wareham to Swanage encourages people not to drive. Improving bus routes. Areas along the sea front are pedestrianized during peak times.Litter: large recycling bins in place along the sea front and near the main cafes and fish and chip shops.Bins emptied daily during the summer months. Info signs.Seasonal economies: discounted rates of accomodation, winter packages and indoor activities

DESTINATION DORSET: private and public sector partnership created in 2009 to ensure that the tourism industry in Dorset remains one of the most important industries and is able to meet the changing demands of the visitor.

GREEN START: aimed at helping hotels and other accomodation owners take steps towards sustainability.

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UK tourism- Swanage PURBECK TOURISM STRATEGY

AIM: to ensure the continued well-being of the industry, whilst ensuring the quality of life enjoyed by the areas local residents and the areas unique environment are not harmed.

Try to increase tourist numbers off peak by:

- improving internet info for prospective tourists

- work with transport providers to extend the park and ride scheme, improve bus services,develope car free areas, shuttle bus between attractions, increased W&C routes

- promote music events/ festivals and improve boat facilities

- increase the use of local produce by hotels and restaurants

- reduced congestion on the A351 by sign posting alternative routes

- Guided historical walks through the Swanage Museum

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MASS TOURISM- Kenya, East Africa

over 700,000 visitors per year because of...

- tribal cultures and wildlife including the big five (rhino, lion, elephant, buffalo and leopard) -safaris                                                                                                                                  

- warm climate with sunshine all year round

- scenery - savannahs, mountains, forests, beaches and coral reefs

IMPACTS

ECONOMIC- POSITIVE- 15% of Kenyas gnp, creates more jobs, 219 000 people worked in the tourism industry in 2003. NEGATIVES- only 15% of the money earned through tourism goes to locals. the rest goes to big companies.

SOCIAL- POSITIVE- cultures and customs of native tribes are preserved for tourism eg dancing displayed for tourists. NEGATIVES- tribespeople forced off their land to create national parks. Some muslim people in Kenya are offended by the way female tourists dress.      

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MASS TOURISM- Kenya, East Africa

ENVIRONMENTAL-positives- 23 national parks of which you have to pay entry fees. this money is used to preserve national parks and protect the environment and wildlife. NEGATIVES- safari vehicles destroyed vegetation and caused soil erosion. Animals being affected- cheetahs changed hunting patterns to avoid crowds. Coral reefs have been damaged by tourist boats anchoring.

Trying to reduce the negative impacts of tourism- walking/ horse tours instead of vehicles on safari to preserve vegetation. Alternate activities to safaris that are less damaging are being promoted eg climbing or white water rafting.

Maintaining tourism by - producing advertising campaigns eg magical kenya in russia. Airstrips being built in ruma national park for easy access. 8 million to be spent on improving accessibility.

Visa fees for  adults cut by 50% in 2009 making it cheaper to visit. Visa fees scrapped for children under 16- encouraging families to visit.

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EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS- Antartica

Antartica is a continent at the south pole. covers 14 million km2 and 98% of it is covered in ice. Numbers of tourists are rising.. 7413 in 1996/1997 season but 46 000 in the 07/08 season. Tourists are attracted by the scenery and the wildlife.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS- tourists can trample on plants, disturb wildlife and drop litter... tourists could accidentally introduce non native species or diseases that could wipe out existing species.. spillage of fuel from ships kills molluscs, fish and birds.

THE ANTARTIC TREATY- International agreement from 1961 that has been signed by 47 countries. designed to protect and conserve the area, plants and wildlife. 2009 limits were introduced on tourism- 100 people allowed on shore and boats containing fewer than 500 people were allowed to land.

(http://0.tqn.com/d/drawsketch/1/0/l/T/blogPenguin.jpg)

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EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS- Antartica

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ANTARTICA TOUR OPERATORS

the code is voluntary but most operators do stick to it

- specially protected areas are off limits to tourists

- wildlife must not be disturbed when being observed

-nothing can be left behind and there must be no smoking during shore landings

-tourists must stay with their groups and each group must have a qualified leader

-tourists must not walk on the fragile plant life

- sewage must be treated biologically and other waste stored on the ships

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