Carbohydrates 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyBiochemistryUniversityAll boards Created by: JS007Created on: 21-01-18 16:15 Glycogen Branched chain Homopolysaccharide Made of glucose monomers The main storage molecule in mammals 1 of 9 Starch Branched chain Homopolysaccharide Is made up of multiple polysaccharide chains, both containing glucose monomers, but linked differently: Amylose chains - glucose monomers are linked 1 -> 4 Amylopectin chains- glucose monomers are linked 1-> 6 The main storage molecule in plants 2 of 9 Cellulose Branched chain Homopolysaccharide Made up of beta-glucose monomers, liked 1 -> 4 The most abundant polysaccharide found in nature Cannot be digested by humans Ruminants are able to digest cellulose by forming a symbiotic relationship with bacteria 3 of 9 Chitin Linear chain Homopolysaccharide Made up of N-acetylglucosamine monomers Found mainly in exoskeletons in crustaceans Very hard and insoluble 4 of 9 Glucosaminoglycans Linear Heteropolysaccharides Made up of N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactoseamine monomers Form part of the extra cellular matrix (ground substance) Also play a role in the lubrication of joints 5 of 9 Heparin/ heparan sulfate Linear Heparan sulfate has extra proteins associated with it Prevents blood clotting by activiting the molecule antithrombin Regulates the formation of blood vessels 6 of 9 Glycolipids Lipids with disaccharides covalently bound Are key for blood type identification An example is LPS which is produced by gram-negative bacteria 7 of 9 Glycoprotein Proteins with small oligosaccharide molecules attached Glycosylation of molecules plays a signalling role Viral proteins are heavily glycosylated as it helps them to evade the immune system 8 of 9 ECM Made up of proteoglycan aggregates, collagen and elastin Provides strength and flexibility 9 of 9
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