C9 - Crude Oils and Fuels.

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C9 - Crude Oils and Fuels.

C9 - Cude oil and fuels.

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C9.1 - Hydrocarbons.

  • Contain hydrogen and Carbon atoms. 
  • AlkAnes = saturated hydrocarbons. They contain as many hydrogen atoms as possible. 
  • Genral formula = CnH(2n+2)
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C9.2 - Fractional distillation of oil...

  • Crude oil - seperated into fractions in industry.
  • properties depend on size of the hydrocarbon molecules in it. 
  • Lighter fractions = better as they ignite easier and burn well with cleaner flames.
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Fractionall distilation.

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C9.3 - Burning hydrocarbon fuels.

  • when burnt in air, the hydrogen and carbon are COMPLETLEY oxidised. - They produce carbon dioxide and water. 

Tests; 

  • carbon dioxide - limewater cloudy. 
  • water- blue cobalt chloride paper pink. 
  • INCOMPLETE combustion produces carbon menoxide as a product.
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C9.4 - Cracking hydrocarbons...

  • Large hydrocarbons - small hydrocarbons = pass vapours over a hot catalyst, or mix with steam and heating them to a high temperature.
  • Cracking makes saturated hydrocarbons, used for fuels and unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkEnes)
  • AlkEnes and other unsaturated compounds with carbon - carbon double bonds react with orange bromine water and turn it colourless.
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