Factors
- punishment should be equal to the crime committed
- corporal + capital punishment inhumane unless for serious crimes
- punishment should be about rehabilitating
End of transportation 1868
- australia no longer needed labourers and didn't want criminals
- too expensive and didn't deter
- prisons began to replace
Prison
- poor conditions hard labour
- 1774 Gaol Act (John Howard) suggested improvements
- Elizabeth Fry set up reform for women
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