When metal carbonates react with an acid they always form a salt, water and carbon dioxide, this can be shown in a general equation;
Metal carbonate + acid => salt + water + carbon dioxide
When calcium carbonate is heated it thermaly reacts to produce calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. Other metal carbonates decompose on heating in a similar way;
Metal carbonate + heat => metal oxide + carbon dioxide
Metals high up in the reactivity series e.g. sodium and calcium have carbonates that need a lot of enegy to decompose. Therefore sodium carbonate will not decompose at tempuratures reached by a bunsen burner. Copper carbonate on the other hand will as it is lower down in the reactivity series
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