BTEC P.E
- Created by: mhyde68
- Created on: 27-10-18 12:06
Types of Muscle
Cardiac muscle- Invinlunatry,Non Fatigueing,moderate to high contraction speed. E.G Heart
Smooth Muscle- Involuntary provides oxygen,slow contaction minutes or hours. E.G blood vessels or intestines aerobic.
Skeletal Muslces- Lots of fibres attach to bones and joints, Movement and Leverage, Voluntary E.G Abdomnials,Bi-ceps and Pectorals
Muscle fibres
Type 1- Areobic and slow, Red muscles,oxygen binding,supplied with vessels. Marathon and long distance swiming.
Type 11a- Fast, Fatigue quickly,dark red,atp,glycogen. Sprinting in football
Type 11x- Largest diameter,low myoglobin and atp. Sprint 100m
For a muscle twitch to happen there must be a sufficient nerve impulse triggering motor neurones in motor units. This then allows muscle fibres to attach creating a twitch.
Muscle Contractions
Isometric- length of muscle does not change-static position. Rugby Scrum
Concentric- Muscle shortening. Origin and insertion closer together. Shoulder Press Upward movement.
Ecentric-Lengthing of muscle. Origin and insertion further away. Bench Press Downwards movement.
Permysium-Connective tissue
Epimysium-Muscle Sheath
Endomysium-Acts as insulator.
Sliding filament theory
- Nerve impulse
- Calcium released through sarcoplasmic reticulum
- Transverse tubulus transports it
- Combines with troponin to pproduce tropomyosin
- Myosin bnding sites formed
- Cross bridge
- Power stroke contract
- ATP+D=atp phase
- Calcium runs out recovery stroke no more tropomysoin so the muscle relaxes and stops cycle.
Components of Blood
RBC-Bi-concave bigger surface area to carry more oxygen.
Platlets- Clots blood cells
WBC- Fights infections and defends body against disease
Plasma- Carries nutrients and makes it easier to transport.
Lymphatic system- Drainage network that helps body rid of toxins,waste and excess fluid forms part of the immune system. Lymph conatins wbc to fight infection.
Cycle of Heart
de-oxygenated= Right atrium, Tricuspid Valve, Right ventricle, Semi lunar valve, Pulmonary artery,Lungs
oxygentated-Pulmonary vein, Left atruim, Bicuspid- valve, Left ventricle, Semi-lunar valve, Aorta, Arteries
Systole- Contracting
Diastole-relaxing.
Blood vessels
Layers- Inner tubila intima-creates a slick surface minimises friction
-The middle tunic media- smooth and elastic tissue. Either Vasodilation or Vasoconstruction
-The outer tunic externa- made from collagen fibres protects and reinforces vessels.
Types-
Aorta- pumps blood to muscles
Vena cava- flows blood from lungs to heart
Pulmonary artery- blood away from heart
Pulmonary vein- pumps blood toward heart
Atreries-away from heart Arterioles- smaller versions of arteries
Veins- towards heart Venuoles- smaller versions of veins
Capillaries- recycles flow
Functions of CV system
Functions-
- Thermoregulation
- Clots blood
- Fights infection
- Controls blood flow
- Removes waste from body
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