Brown 0.0 / 5 ? HistoryThe USA - twentieth century changeGCSEAQA Created by: hannahhhhhxxxCreated on: 17-10-17 20:19 Brown - 1954 1954 Oliver Brown couldn't send his daughter, Linda, to a closer school in Topeka, Kansas because it was an all white school. Linda had to walk 2 miles to a black school. Brown was helped by the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People) May 1954 - decision to decision to end segregation in schools Missisipi set up a White Citizens Council to keep segregation 1956 - no African-American students in white schools in 6 southern states! 1 of 7 Montgomery - 1955-56 Rosa Parkes - secretary of local NAACP Arrested for refusing to give up bus seat in whites only section Boycott of buses = no African-Americans on buses MLK lead the boycott movement (from December 5th for 5 months) Profits dropped by 75% because African-Americans provided most of the bus business. MLK's house bombed - protesters wanted to fight, MLK called for "direct action" Direct Action = achieving equal right via non violent protests. Eventually led to an end to public segregation 2 of 7 Little Rock - 1957 Triggered by Brown Case Summer 1957 - Little Rock made a decision to desegregate public schools. Arkansas was one of two Southern states to agree with this "new law of the land" By 1957, 7/8 of its state uni's were desegregated Plan for segregation of Central High School in 1957. White Citizens Council strongly disagreed. Orval Faubus got the National Guard to surround thr school to prevent black students from entering. 1960 in Arkansas - only 2500 out of 2 million black students went to mixed schools 1962 - no black children in mixed schools in Alabama, South Carolina and Mississipi. Elizabeth Eckford 3 of 7 Greensboro - 1960 and Freedom Rides - 1961 Greensboro - sit-ins began Freedom Rides - 1961 Black and white civil rights campaigners Travelled around Southern states sitting next to each other in whites only sections. Riders faces threats and violence Attracted hugh publicity - people in North hated the violence 4 of 7 Albany - 1961-62 and Birmingham - 1963 Albany, Georgia 1962 March to protest segregation. This failed. The police didn't arrest all the demonstrators or act violently so there was no publicity for MLK. Birmingham, Alabama - King ordered non-violent march 30,000 took part Eugene "Bull" Connor ordered to attack protesters with dogs, water cannons, tear gas. Hundreds were arrested. Kennedy took action after this to put an end to segregation in Birmingham. 5 of 7 Washington- 1963 and Selma - 1965 MLK civil rights demonstration - summer 1963, Washington August 28th - Lincoln Memorial - "I had a dream" speech - 200,000 people March 1965 - Selma - peaceful protests from Selma to Birmingham Brutal attacks on outskirts of Selma - "Bloody Sunday" Another march a few weeks later and a speech to 25000 people. Viola Liuzzo (CR campaigner) murdered in drive-by by the KKK. 6 of 7 MLK Born in Atlanta, Georgia Became baptist minister Loved peaceful protests Led bus buycott Awarded Nobel prize in 1964 Assassinated in 1968 by James Earl Ray. 7 of 7
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