Van der Waals - Between all atoms and molecules
- Instantaneous/ induced dipoles produce weak electrostatic attractions
- Vdw forces can be in addition to other intermolecular forces
- Causes changes in the shape of electron clouds, so the more electrons there are the stronger the vdw
Dipole-dipole forces - Molecules with a polar bond may have a dipole moment, summing up the effect of the polarity of all bonds in the molecule
- molecules with more than one polar bond can cancel out (no dipole moment) or they can add up and reinforce each other (based on shape)
- dipole-dipole forces act between molecules with permanent dipoles
Hydrogen bonding - Hydrogen atom between two very electronegative atoms, must have a highly electronegative atom with lone pair covalently bonded to a hydrogen (lone pair attracted to electron deficient hydrogen)
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