Lysosomes: the breaking down of food
that is not needed anymore. appear in the cytoplasm. contain digestive enzymes. A lysosome will fuse with the outer cell membrane to release its enzymes outsidde the cell as extracelluar enzymes. e.g to destroy bacteria and prevent indigestion.
Budding: involves mitotic cell division. it is the outgrowth from the parent organism, which produces a smaller but identical indivudual. this bud eventually becomes detached from the parent and has an independent exsitance.
Vegeatative propagation is a version of reproductive budding, a plant forms a structure which develops into a fully differentitated plant. identical to the parent, and eventually becomes independent.
Discontinous varation is shown by features that are either present or not, such as blood groups or sex. the environment does not have effect. discontinous variation are characteristics such as weight and height. or number of leaves on a plant, factors like these are determined by the number of genes. height and weight are polygenic features. but are also affected by the environment. when looking at continous varation you need to gain a large sample from all regions.
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