Biology Revision

What are Pathogens?

Give 2 examples of pathogens 

What does bacteria release?

What do viruses do?

Pathogens are microorganisms, that cause infectious disease 

Bacteria and viruses 

Toxins 

They damage the cells 

What do white blood cells do to the pathogens

What do white blood cells produce, why?

What happens in vaccination?

Why are vaccinations given?

They can ingest and destroy the pathogens

White blood cells produce antibodies to destroy the pathogens and antitoxins to neutralise toxins

In vaccination pathogens are introduced into the body in a weakened form 

So that it causes the body to produce enough white blood cells to protect itself against the pathogen, while not getting diseased 

What can antibiotics effect?

Bacteria is...

What does bacteria do once inside the body?

Name 3 examples of diseases cause by bacteria?

They can effect the bacteria but NOT the viruses 

A living cell that can multiply rapidly 

They release poisons or toxins that make us feel ill

Food poisoning, whooping cough, gonorrhoea 

Viruses can only reproduce ...

What can viruses do once in the cell?

How is the virus passed out?

Give 3 examples of diseases cause by viruses...

Inside host cells

Make hundreds of thousands of copies of itself

Bloodstream or airways

Chicken pox, colds, flu 

What is the first defence of the body against pathogens? What is this aimed to do?

What is the second defence?

Name 3 things white blood cells can do?

What are antibodies and antitoxins?

produce antibodies and destroy pathogensPassive immunity, and this is aimed to stop the pathogens getting in, this includes skin, mucus etc

Active immunity, and this is when the white blood cells come into play 

ingest and destroy cells, produce antibodies and destroy pathogens, produce antitoxins that neutralise the pathogen

Specialised proteins 

Why are boosters needed in vaccination?

What are antibiotics?

It's because the immune response memory can weaken overtime

Antibiotics are substances that can kill bacteria, but do not work against bacteria