Charles Darwin had a theory about evolution, he realised:
1) Organisms produce more offspring than the amount that are able to survive
2) There is variation in the characteristics shown by an organism within a population
3) There is a struggle for survival (Selection pressure)
4) Those who survive and reproduce will pass on their advantageous genes to the next generation.
These observations helped to form how we know evolution occurs:
1) Variation exists due to genetic mutation
2) Survival of the fittest because there is a selection pressure
3) Fittest reproduce to pass on genes to offspring- repeated over generations
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