Biology GCSE (1)
Cells, Growth and repair and Pattern of Growth
- Created by: phoebe woodbine
- Created on: 19-10-11 20:42
Animal and Plants Cells
Biology
Cells
What'S a cell?
Cells are the tiny building blocks that make up all living things
- Smallest Biollogical Unit
- The bigger the organism the more cells there are
What types of cells are there?
- Skin Cells
- Sperm Cells
- White blood cells ( quite large + fight diseases )
- Red blood cells ( Round shape + NO NUCLEUS )
ANIMAL CELL
The Cytoplasm
Is like a jelly, Chemical reactions go
inside the Cytoplasm. This keeps the cell alive.
The Nucleus
Controls what the cell does.
If it Contains the instruction
to make new cells.
The Cell Membrane
Is a Thin skin around the cell. It gives
its shape and controls what goes into
or what goes out of the cell.
PLANT CELL
The Cell Wall
Covers the thin cell membrane, It is made of tough cellulose which strengthens the cell.
The Vacuole
A plant cell has a large vacuole filled with a liquid called cell sap.
The chloroplast
Are found in cells that carry out Photosynthesis. They contain chlorophyll to trap light energy.
The Cytoplasm
Often contains starch grains.
- Nucleus
- Cell membrane
Difference between a plant cell and a Animal cell
Plant cell
- Have tough cellulose cell walls
- have chloroplast
- have a vacuole containing cell sap
- many have a box like shape
- have a nucleus to the side of the cell
Difference between a plant cell and a Animal cell
Animal cell
- do not have cellulose cell walls
- do not have chloroplast
- sometimes have a small vacuole but they never contain sell sap
- shape varies
- have a nucleus in the middle of the cell
Their some important functions :
- has lots of chloroplast for photosynthesis
- hasn't got a nucleus, as a result carries more oxygen
- has a large surface area to absorb more nutrients
cells of the same kind form a tissue
tissue of different kinds form of organ
organ of different kinds form of system
system of different kinds form of an organism
organism a living thing
growth and repair
Diploid-----------> 2 chromosomes
What does growth mean?
Making new cells
Why is mitosis suitable for growth ?
Produce diploid cells
Identical cells are produced
---> Bones cells make bone cells
---> Skins cells make new Skin cells
Patterns of growth
Growth in Animals
limbs grow longer
more skin is produced
organs grow
Teeth get replaced
development
Do animals ever stop growing ?
No because........
- cells are produced all the time and replaced other cells
- red blood cells only live for 3 months as a result they need replacing
- skin cells shed and your body constantly produces more skin cells
Growth in plants:
- Grow taller
- Grow wider
- Grows branches
- Makes new leaves
Do plants ever stop growing ?
No because........
- Every year the tree gets wider and produces a new ring
- They produce leaves that fall in the winter and regrow in the summer.
Patterns of Growth
The areas on a plant that grow are called meristems.
This is located at the top of roots and shoots.
Stem Cells
What are stem cells?
These cells in a embryo are called stem cells.A stem cell is a cell which hasn't differentiated/specialized yet. It can be turned into any kind of tissue.
What diseases can be cured using stem cells?
- Parkinsons
- Alzheimers
- Diabetes
- Motor Neurone
What else could cloned embroyes get used for?
- Testing drugs
- Alternative to animal testing
What are the tissues surrounding human embryo cloning and the use of their stem cells?
You start by producing an embryo then you're taking it apart which is basically killing it.
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