Biology

Bacteria have:

• A cell wall- which gives shape to the bacterium
• A cell membrane- To allow substances to enter and leave the cell
• DNA that appears to retain a certain shape (the DNA) is not in the nucleus
• Plasmids- These are circular double stranded DNA. They are unique to bacteria. They can be copied and move between different bacteria in a population. This means that resistance to certain antibiotics can be passed on without the bacteria reproducing.

Fermenters can be used to.......

• Grow single celled proteins, for example mycoprootein ( the main ingredient of Quorn, a meat substitute for vegetarians)

Culture enzymes- that can be used in food production, for example rennin, which is used in cheese making and would otherwise have to be harvested from sheeps' stomachs.