Biology Year 11 7th September - 21st september

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Climate Change

Greenhouse Gases:

  • carbon dioxide
  • methane
  • water vapour

Effects of climate change:

  • Food production > too much/little water for harvest
  • Water scarcity
  • Extreme weather
  • Emerging pests due to temp. changes
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Resources

Depleting food resources:

  • over population leads to over straining resources eg. over fishing
  • could lead to a change in natural ecosystem

Depleting energy resources:

  • creating new, cheap renewable energy resources
  • relying less on fossil fuels

Emerging diseases:

  • relying more heavily on antibiotics > resistance builds up
  • disease can travel more easily (people/food on planes, lorries, ships etc.)
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Sustainable Food Production

Resources are used in a way in which they won't run out & don't casue lasting damage

Organic food production:

  • chemical pesticides aren't used > bacteria doesn't grow resistant
  • more expensives to produce
  • have higher chance of failure if disease occurs
  • require more space to raise livestock
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Mycoprotein

Made by:
Starch + fusarium (fungi) + fermentors = Quorn / Mycoprotein

  • ammonia is added as nitrogen source > fungus turn in to amino acids > protein
  • starch broken down by amylase > glucose
  • (filtered to avoid contamination) oxygen is added to stir mixture mixture
  • cooling coils are used as the fungus produce heat during respiration

Carbon dioxide is produced as a waste gas

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Mycoprotein (continued)

Advantages:

  • continuous process
  • takes up less space to animals (doesn't need to be fed)
  • takes less energy to produce (heated at 30.)

At the end of a 6 week period the fermentors are emptied and sterilused using steam

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Pyramid of numbers

Pyramid of numbers:

                  /////                             Hawk

          ////////////////////                      Blue ***

//////////////////////////////////////             Catarpillar

                 /////                             Oak tree

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Pyramid of Biomass

                        /////                             Hawk

                ///////////////////                       Blue ***

        /////////////////////////////////                 Catarpillar

/////////////////////////////////////////////////         Oak Tree

Nb. a pyramid of biomass will always be a pyramid shape

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Biodiversity

The variety of plants & animal life in the world or in a particulare habitat, a high level of which is usually considered to be important & desirable

Ensures the security of an ecosystem as if one speciesare wiped out all the other won't be

Biodiversity can be damadged by the removal or change of an environment or ecosystem

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Dams

Negative impacts:

  • destroy river ecosystems (particuarly below the dam)
  • flood plains with fertile soil disappear
  • as reservoirs form plants & animals lose habitats
  • act as breeding ground for mosquitos
  • add methane to the atmosphere as eautrophication can occur

Eutrophication > the process by which excessive nutrients in water lead to very fast plant growth. When the plant dies they are decomposed & this uses up a lot of oxygen so the water can no longer sustain animal life

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