Biology 7.1-3 Peak Performance
- Created by: Harrietbowley
- Created on: 18-06-16 16:14
Tendons/Ligaments
Describe the difference between a tendon and a ligament
- A tendon is inelastic and transmits the forces from muscles to the bones.
- A ligament is a tough elastic band which holds the bones together and limits how far the bone can move. It forms the cartilage at the end of each bone.
Ball and socket joint/Hinge joint
What is the difference between a hinge joint and a ball-and-socket joint?
- A ball-and-socket joint move in all directions
- A hinge joint moves only backward and forward
Ball-and-socket joint Hinge Joint
Synovial Joint
Name the parts of a synovial joint
Cartilage, ligament, muscle, bone, synovial fluid, synovial membrane, tendon
Arm Muscles
Name the muscle that a) bends the arm b) straightens the arm
a) Biceps contract to make the arm bend b) Triceps contract to make the arm straighten
Antagonistic Pairs
What is an antagonistic pair of muscles?
Muscles that work opposite eachother: one will contract as the other relaxes to make a joint bend or straighten
Fitness affected by lifestyle
If you worked in a fitness club, what health questions might you ask new clients when they joined?
What medical history do you have?
Your regime will be adjusted around any circulatory and respiratory problems you may have, and they need to know about any treatments you have had or any medication you take
What is your lifestyle history?
If you have a healthy and active lifestyle you will progress quikcer than someone who doesn't. The duration and difficultly will be adapted to suit your needs
Fitness Tests
What fitness tests can be carried out?
- Heart rate: as you exercise the heart rate increases as your heart beats faster to deliver more food and nutrients to your muscles. It is recommended that you train at about 60% of your maximum heart rate
- Blood pressure: when you do exercise, your heart beats more forcefully and your blood pressure increases
- Recovery period: the fitter you are the faster your recovery period after physical activities
- Proportion of body fat: Too much body fat puts strain on your heart and your arteries may become dangerously narrowed
- Body mass index (BMI): this measures your body mass based on your height. BMI = body mass/height^2
Repeatability/Accuracy
What is the difference between accuracy and repeatability?
Accuracy: how close it is to the true value
Repeatability: how close the data is to one another after repeating the test
Sprains
Describe the symptoms and treatment for a sprain
Symptoms include: Difficulty to bend joint, swelling, soreness, cramps, bruising
Treatment: RICE, simple stretching routines, exercises given by physiotherapist
RICE
What is RICE?
Rest: immobilising the injured area
Ice: acts as an anaesthetic, reduces blood flow and swelling
Compression: applying a bandage, reduces swelling
Elevate: keeps excess fluid from area, reduces swelling
Injuries
What are the most common injuries?
Sprains: overstretching a ligament
Torn ligaments/tendons: if a joint is twisted, a ligament or tendon may tear. Tendons can snap after being inflamed and stretched
Dislocation: Bones can pop out of place if put under pressure and the cartilage can't absorb all the energy
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