Biology

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Cells

Organisms Can Be Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes. All living things are made of cells. Cells can be either prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Eukaryotic cells are complex and include all animal and plant cells. Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler, e.g. bacteria. Eukaryotes are organisms that are made up of eukaryotic cells. A prokaryote is a prokaryotic cell (it's a single-celled organism. Plant and Animal Cells have Similarities and Differences. The different parts of a cell are called subcellular structures. Most animal cells have the following subcelluar structures - 

- Nucleus - contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell.

- Cytoplasm - gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions.

- Cell membrane - holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.

- Mitochondria - These are where most of the reactions for aerobic     respiration take place. Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to   work.

- Ribosomes - These are where proteins are made in the cell.

Plant cells usually have all the bits that animal cells have, plus a few extra things that animal cells don't have - 

- Rigid Cell Wall - Made of cellulose. It supports the cell and strengthens it. 

- Permanent Vacuole - Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts.

- Chloroplasts - these are where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant. They contain chlorophyll, that absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis.

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