Insomnia is either chronic primary insomnia or secondary insomnia. Chronic primary insomnia is where the indvidual has insomnia without any underlying cause or symptoms. In order to be diagnosed you must have the symptoms of the disorder for a month at least. It is associated with a higher heart rate, metabollic rate and temperature. It is associated with individuals who are anxious, emotional, extrovert and who internalise emotions. It has been suggested that you can have a genetic predisposition from chronic primary insomnia which is triggered by the environment.
Secondary insomnia is caused by an underlying symptom such as illness, stress, drugs or poor physical or mental health. Stress causes the sympathetic branch of the ANS to activate so that the parasympathetic branch cannot activate. It may also be caused by either obtrusive sleep apnoea where the individual stops breathing or secondary sleep apnoea where the medulla does not send messages to the brain to activate breathing.
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