Benzene and its Reactions

Basic knowlege on the reactions of beneze along with the nature of it. 

 

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  • Created by: ChemNerd
  • Created on: 26-02-11 00:44

Structure of benzene

Has a delocalised electron cloud above and below the ring

Thus making it susceptible to electrophillic attack

It undergoes electrophillic substitution as addition will create instability of the delocalised electrons

It is generally much less reactive in comparison to alkenes

Non polar compounds with weak intermolecular forces

The larger the molecules the higher the boiling temperatures

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Halogenation- substitution

To react with bromine 

Warm benzene and bromine with Fe or FeBr3

To react with chlorine

Warm with iron, iron(3)chloride, or aliminuium chloride

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Nitration

Warm benzene at 55 degrees

with conc nitric acid in the presence of conco sulfuric acid

if higher temp further nitration would occur 

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Sulfonation

Use FUMING sulfuric acid( a mixture of sulfuric acid dissolved in sulfur trioxide)

Reaction forms bensenesulfonic acid.

SO3 molecules are strongly polarised so they attack the delocalised electrons

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