a non-communicable diease cannot be passed from one individual to another.
risk factors are aspects of one's lifestyle or substances in the body or environment that have been shown to link to an increased rate of disease.
for some non-communicable diseases a causal mechanism has been proven for some risk factors.
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B7.2: Cancer
benign and malignant tumours result from abnormal and uncontrolled cell division.
benign tumours form in one place and do not spread ot other tissues.
malignant tumour cells are cancers and invade neighbouring tissues. they may spread to different parts of the body through the blood and create secondary tumours.
lifestyle risk factors for various cancers include smoking, obesity, common viruses and UV exposure. there are also some genes that genetically predispose someone to a cancer.
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B7.3: Smoking and the Risk of Disease
smoking can cause cardiovascular disease like coronary heart disease, lung cancer and lung dieases like bronchitis and COPD.
a fetus exposed to smoke has restricted oxygen and can lead to premature birth, low birthweight and stillbirth.
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B7.4: Diet, Exercise and Disease
diet affects your risk of developing cardiovascular and other diseases directly through cholesterol levels and indirectly through obesity.
exercise levels affect the likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease.
obesity is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes.
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B7.5: Alcohol and Other Carcinogens
alcohol can damage the liver and cause cirrhosis and liver cancer.
alcohol can cause brain damage and death.
alcohol taken in by a pregnant woman can affect the development of her unborn baby (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome)
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