B453 Opportunities and Pathways for involvement in physical activity

Media can have a positive effect on sport, it can give people inspiration, some people may not be able to play sport because of a disability or cannot afford to pay for it so this is why it gives these people a chance to experience watching sport instead of playing. This can encourage people to get involved as they may be inspired by role models. This is when you see someone who is good at sport in a newspaper or on TV and you feel a sense of inspiration to want to try out their sport.  If someone is interested in sport they tend to educate themselves while watching their role models on TV for example in athletics we see athletes technique, determination, aptitude, positivity and sportsmanship. Some people will watch this and produce it when they are doing athletics. Media can help someone coach themselves for example in athletics people look at the runners technique, an athlete can work on their technique and take videos to see if it matches the role models. Media companies pay for the rights to show sporting events, the London Marathon is sponsored by Virgin the TV company.  Sports shown on TV generate more sponsorships.

The media can also have negative effects it tends to be very bias and only shows the really important sports on TV and in Newspapers, other sports don’t really get that much attention. Because sport is shown so much on TV there is a lack of attendance at competitions because people have to pay however on TV they can watch it for free. There is an overload of too much sport being televised on TV some people say it is too much. Some people pay too much attention to the celebrities lifestyles and they dislike this. Some media companies can pressurise organisations of sport to make the viewing time appropriate for the company for example the marathon was run at a different time to suit the TV company however it was in the middle of the day which is the hottest part of the day and isn’t suitable for people who have to run that far in that temperature.   

Sponsorship is where a company pay money to a team or individual in return for good publicity. Depending on the sport and team or athlete involved, the sponsorship can run into millions of pounds, but only for the best competitors in the most popular sports! The more a team or athlete are in the public eye, the more companies are willing to pay to have the more money the celebrities get. This causes the cost of the sponsorship deals to go up. Companies will sponsor all different aspects of a sports team, event or individual, including:

• Stadiums and grounds - New stands or grounds will often be named after the sponsor who has put money towards the development eg. emirate’s stadium for arsenals.
• Clothing - Teams usually get a shirt sponsor and often individual players will get deals for footwear eg. Nike and Adidas athletes
• Equipment - Companies will often sponsor a player's equipment, usually one of the companies who manufacture the equipment
• Accommodation and Transport - Companies often offer free transport and accommodation to big teams so people see them using their company
• Competitions - Companies often sponsor an actual competition or league so then their name and logo goes on all of the products and information regarding the competition. Sometimes it's even named after the company e.g. The Virgin London Marathon.

Sponsorship is good for sports because it provides money for athletes to train and compete full-time, it pays for competitions and promotes the development of new athletes

Positive effects of sponsorships:

• Free Advertising - If you see the best players using a product, you might want to use it too

• Image - Every company wants to be associated with winners

• Scholarships - Some universities and colleges offer places to students who excel at a sport for either lower grades, or less in tuition fees so that the institution develop a good sporting reputation

• Tax and Hospitality - Sponsorship money isn't usually taxed. They are also given free tickets in good positions, often with food and drinks included, which they can use to impress possible clients and employees

• Charities - Sponsors often give money to charity events. This may be because they are nice and believe in the cause.

Sponsorship does have some negative issues too:

• Companies don't want to sponsor teams and athletes who aren't successful and so some struggle to get financial help this way.

• Sponsorship deals are fragile. An injury,  or bad publicity can mean the contract is terminated

• Advertising some products in sport is not advisable.

Example: Bushey Grove Leisure centre/Westminster Lodge Leisure centre

Local authority is the local government that has money to provide for things in this case for sport. Local authority pays for facilities in towns these are leisure centre, buy equipment, tennis courts, in the local park and transport for people to get to these facilities. They  way local authorities promote participation is through the variety of different sports available at the leisure centres, swimming gym, rock climbing etc. The sports centre must be easy to access this is because it is local and easy to get to if an adult doesn’t drive they can walk or take the bus. The Facilities must be affordable, they allow discounts students and elderly people because they are not in employment. Local authority target particular age groups “over 50” or have classes which are just for females they want to target groups of people as it promotes them to want to go to the local authority as they feel special. They provide the same opportunities with people that have disabilities this is really important because they are not left out. They provide the opportunity for coaching which allows individual to succeed in sport at a higher level, and carry out taster sessions.

Example: David Lloyd leisure centre

Private enterprise is a place which is not run by the government but is run by individual companies. For example in sport a leisure centre would be a private enterprise however you would have to get a membership for this. This is because it is private from the government and therefore means you have to pay to be allowed to use it. Private enterprise promotes physical activity because the facilities and equipment are better than local authorities which attract more people. They offer other ways of getting fit such as personal trainers to enable participation, and have better coaching.  Private enterprises have an exclusive and comfortable environment so it makes people more likely to join and return.  Social aspects it is usually local and has good access so that people can participate easily. There are  more facilities or equipment for people to use.  Private enterprises sponsor teams or individuals to participate in physical activities. They have Promotional campaigns, advertisement to inspire people. They have good facilities which  benefit people who are trying to keep healthy. They let you have free taster days to see if you enjoy it.

Example: Running clubs such as Harrow AC, Chiltern harriers, Hillingdon AC etc.

Voluntary Organizations are clubs that are organised by people who volunteer to help out with training. For example people who  coach at athletics clubs volunteer. Athletes have to pay for a yearly membership which is about £50 and yearly track fee which is about £40 but the coachs get no money for training the athletes. This can promote an active healthy lifestyle because families who are poor and do not have enough to pay an expensive amount of money to do physical activity. Can do physical activity when it is cheap. Also an athletics club allows a variety of different ages from minors to vets. Also there are events which are organised by volunteers and council  for example in the UK there are hundreds of Parkruns which are held every saturday morning at 9am, this is to encourage people of any age to get involved with fitness, they run a 5km timed run every week. People get milestone T-shirts for their 50th 100th 250th and 500th parkrun, this inspires people to want to do more parkruns, and also they may put in more training to get there times quicker. Volunteers also get milestone T-shirts for volunteering for example once they have volunteered at 25 parkruns. Volunteers, are inspired to volunteer because they understand they are making a difference to other people's health. Also they may be interested in physical activity and understand a lot about athletics. They may generally want to help and inspire people to become better athletes and more healthier.

Example: British Wheelchair Sports Foundation

National Governing Bodies make up the rules and regulations for sports. They are members to the international governing bodies and national teams. They provide support to coaching officiating, talent, development and competition at different levels. They promote an active healthy lifestyle by doing coaching programmes, funding equipment, running charity events, Running taster sessions, Providing transport for those in need, Role models, providing knowledge of activities, encouraging disabled sports and encouraging lower level performers.

Example International Olympic Committee/ British Olympic Association

The international Olympic Committee has to, Select the venue for both summer and winter Games Decides which sports should be included in the games. And Works with the host city and country in the planning of the games. The Olympics can inspire everyone around the World to want to compete in a variety of physical activity. The olympics have banned substances such as drugs to enhance performances they now test everyone before they do the Olympics to make sure there are no cheats. People can by inspired by this as they can watch a Role Model on TV and not feel as though they could possibly be cheating. The International Olympic Committee owns all the rights to the Olympic symbol and the Games. Members of the International Olympic Committee are responsible for selecting the host cities of the summer and winter Olympic games, and they are responsible for monitoring progress of the host city’s preparations.

Example: British Olympic Association UK athletics

The British Olympic team are responsible for the planning of the Great Britain Olympic Team ’s participation In the Summer and Winter Olympic games. They have a responsibility to develop the Olympic movement through the UK. They select the British team from the best sportsmen and women in Great Britain. They work with the Olympic governing bodies, they are independent from government, no political interests. They are dependent upon commercial, sponsorship and fundraising income. The BOA supplies the assign for the National Olympic Committee. They help prepare chosen athletes before the Olympics. They organise visits to the host city prior to the Olympic games. They offer an exclusive preparation camp, with the best facilities and the best places to stay for GB athletes. They provides top class equipment and kit.  They provides top class facilities at the British Olympic training centre British athletes can go and train at Austria as well. They help fund and provide discounts at national and local sports centres in England. They help athletes find jobs which fit around their training and competitions. They run programmes which assist athletes throughout their training, they help with travel. The British Olympic Association inspire younger children by advertising a healthy lifestyle for example Mo Farah advertising “One mo mile” can inspire children to want to be like him. If they Olympics are hold in London they make sure that all children participate in 2 hours of Physical Education a week, this can inspire people to want to do extra-curricular clubs etc. They give out leaflets about a healthy active lifestyle. They have documentaries about GB olympic athletes that could inspire people for example Paula Radcliffe “my story so far” and Jessica Ennis “unbelievable.

Healthy Living programme

Aimed to tackle barriers of limited parental awareness of weight status and associated health risks. / Parents can believe that a healthy lifestyle is too challenging, there may be pressure on parents which can afford healthy food choices. / limited opportunities for active lifestyles in some places

5 A Day

Make sure you eat 5 pieces of either fruit or vegetables each day.

Walking to school or using a bike to get to school

To walk or ride a bike to school is physical exercise every day.  

Top Tips for Mums/advice to mothers

Encourages parents across the country to share tips and ideas with each other on how they get their children to eat more fruit and vegetables. Fruit and vegetables of different colours provide a wide range of vitamins, minerals, fibre and healthy antioxidants, which can help to protect the body throughout life.

Five Choices to help you stay healthy

1. You should not smoke

2. Do some regular physical activity

3. Eat a healthy diet

4. Try to lose weight if you are overweight or obese

5. Don't drink too much alcohol

30/60 minutes of moderate aerobic physical activity - On most days you should do 30 minutes of muscle-strengthening activities per week but not on consecutive days.

Five hours of high-quality Physical Education and sport per week - Students are expected to do at least 5 hours of high-quality physical activity per week. This means that the student is actually pushing themselves to the limit.

One hour of physical activity per day - Students are expected to do one hour of physical activity per day this could be to walk to school, or to walk the dog. It doesn’t have to be a tough workout.

The whole school curriculum promotes an active healthy lifestyle by putting up leaflets and posters about an active healthy lifestyle which contains health issues if you do not participate. Schools sell healthy food in canteens and they do not have any vending machines. They educate their students about 5 hours of physical activity a week, 7 hours of physical education a week and a healthy diet such as eating 5 portions of fruit and vegetables. The national curriculum make it compulsory that students have to take part in 2 hours of physical education a week from 5-16. They also offer extra-curricular clubs at lunch times and after school for any ability. Schools have external links to clubs in the local community for children to get involved in outside of school as well as inside of school. They offer the chance to take qualifications in PE GCSE, A level, Btec etc. They give students the opportunity to become leaders in physical education, also they can take a coaching qualification. In PE lessons students are given the opportunity to have a go at different roles, maybe an official or a referee or a leader instead of a performer. Schools bring in role models to inspire students for example a GB gymnast, also children can be inspired by their PE teacher or the children who are leaders. Schools offer PE trips for example, skiing, rock climbing, canoeing etc. Schools educate children about a healthy lifestyle in PSHE this could inspire them to want to live a healthy lifestyle. In PE lessons teachers encourage children by praising them, this could inspire a child to want to take part in an extra-curricular club. On sports day children can be influenced to get involved in physical activity. PE lessons develops and teaches fundamental motor skills. Schools give equipments, facilities and financial support to those who are competing.

Assessment courses in physical education can help to promote an active healthy lifestyle because it raises awareness of positive reasons and health benefits of participation eg. stress relief, life expectancy increases etc. Students get a sense of enjoyment and fun when participating in these courses. PE teachers measure their health, fitness and diet. PE educates you about health and fitness. It helps to set goals for better health, fitness and diets. Schools provide resources, equipment that can be used by all and, they help with financial support. Assessment courses encourages participation of the practical element you have to participate in practical activities to complete the course. It provides role models from PE teachers and children in Upper years who want to copy other successful pupils this can make others around them feel motivated. You get to try a range of different games, activities and different opportunities. Students make friends with others who participate and this encourages students to participate in games with their friends. Students get rewards, certificates or qualification through participation. External links are made with clubs in local community to encourage participation outside of school as well as inside of school. Extra-curricular activities are often taken up for exam candidates to improve their chosen sports and also national curricular activities are often taken up for exam candidates to improve.

The PE curriculum promotes an active healthy lifestyle by having the national curriculum this means children from ages 5-16 have 2 hours of physical education a week. They have extra-curricular clubs which are free and for any abilities. They allow students to take qualifications in GCSE A level and Btec PE. They have sports day which inspires students to get involved. Schools have links with local community clubs. Schools pay for all equipment, and financial support. In PE lessons students are educated about 5 hours of physical activity a week, 7 hours of physical exercise a week, and a healthy diet which contains 5 portions of fruit and vegetables. PE teachers allow students to become leaders and gain coaching qualification. They also allow some students to take turns at being a leaders, or an official in PE lessons. They offer PE trips such as skiing etc. They also inspire children through role models such as PE teachers and leaders etc.