The heart pumps blood out at a really high pressure.
This means the arteries, which carry this high pressure blood, need to be strong and elastic.
The walls are very thick, so they can withstand the pressure.
However, the lumen is small because the blood can easily get through with the pressure.
Arteries have thick layers of muscle so they are stronger; without these, they wouldn't be able to take the pressure of the blood.
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