B1 Fit For Life

Respiration - glucose + oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy                        

                   - C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

During hard exersise not enough oxygen gets to the muscles cells, the cells also have to carry anaerobic respiration. Less energy is released from anaerobic respiration. Glucose - LACTIC ACID + Energy. Lactic acid causes pain and fatigue. During a sprint race muscles cannot get enough oxygen. At the end of a sprint - the breathing rate stays high to replace the oxygen. - heart rate stays high so blood can carry lactic acid to the liver where it is broken down.

Blood Pressure - mmHg                                                                                            2 measurements - systolic (max pressure the heart produces)and diastolic (blood pressure between beats)  pressure.                                                                      High blood pressure - small blood vessels, brain damage, strokes, kidney damage. Lower Blood Pressure - poor circulation, dizziness and fainting.

Food - Protiens from meat and fish are called first class protiens, they contain amino acids - which we cant make ourselves. Calculating RDA -

RDA (in grams) = 0.75 * body mass (in kilo) To calculate BMI use this formula -

BMI = mass / height

Digestion - Parts of the digestive system prduce enzymes which break down carbo, protiens and fats in the soluble molecules. These diffuse through the walls of the small intestine and into the blood plasma or lymph into the cells.

The stomach makes hydrochloric acid to help the enzyme called pepsin work, Fats are difficult to digest and absorb. To help with digstion the gall bladder produces bile which emulsifies fats.

Microorganisms - Mosquitoes called vectors cary microorganisms that cause malaria. Malaria is caused by a protozoan that is a parasite as it get food from its host, humans.

Lifestyle and diet can cause diabetes, no vitamin C causes scurvy, amaemia : not enough iron, some disorders are inherited eg red-green colourblindness.

We can prevent the spreadof malaria by understaanding the lifeylce. Stagnant water kills the lava. Spraying insecterside kills them.

Cancer is a result of cells dividing out of control.

Binign tumour cells, such as warts are slow to divide and harmless

Malignant tumours are cancer cells, which divide out of control.