AS Sociology Education
EDUCATION.
- Created by: Chantel
- Created on: 24-05-12 22:17
History of education
Tripartite System
- part of the 1944 Butler education act
- 'free secondary education for all'
- 11+ selection
11+ test determined what school you went to:
Secondary modern:
- for those who didnt pass the 11+
- inferior teaching
- 85% pupils in any area went to these schools
Grammar schools:
- those who passed the 11+
- better teaching and facilities
- pupil body = mainly middle class children
- 15% pupils went to these schools
Tripartite System continued
Technical schools:
- those who showed good pratical and technical skills
- some areas didnt have technical schools
- 5% of total number of pupils went to these schools
Strengths of Tripartite system:
- the numeracy,reading and writing skills of the population increased
- education was free for all - no need to worry
Weaknesses of Tripartite System:
- Late developers: those who failed the 11+ sometimes matured academically later in life but they had missed the chane of a grammar school education
- Social class: the 11+ was seen to be unfair to working class pupils, the middle class could get private tuition for the exam - created class division.
- Failures: 85% saw themselves as failures, most leaving school without no qualifications.
Comprehensive Schooling - 1965
- introduced to create proper equality
- 'all abilities and social classes under one roof'
- abolished 11+ selection in most areas of the country
Advantages:
- class division eliminated
- more facilities and greater range of subjects
- chance to move up streams
- allows for late developers to excel
- fewer leave without qualification.
- less working class talent is wasted.
Disadvantages:
- bright children held back - however few grammar schools exsisted to cream off these pupils
- still class division - lower streams - working class, higher streams - middle class
- too large and impersonal - hard to enforce discipline
1988 Education Reform Act
- by Margaret Thatcher
Main features:
- marketisation
- work related courses
- league tables
- parental choice
- gcses
- national cirriculum
- sats tests
COMPETITION
CHOICE
MARKETING
1988 Education Reform Act
NATIONAL CIRRICULUM:
- core subjects
- option subjects
Advantage: everyone is taught the same thing regardless of area you live in or if you move
Disadvantage: limited choice of subjects
SATS TESTS: age 7,11,14
Advantage: idea of where pupil is at, level, help raise standards
Disadvantage: stress for young children
1988 Education Reform Act
GCSES
- replaced o'levels and cses
Advantage: created one examination for pupils
Disadvantage: quickly developed into tiers, if foundation cant get top grade
LEAGUE TABLES
- Come out anually after exams, SATS, GCSES, A levels results
Advantage: give parents info when choosing schools
Disadvantage: results do not reflect school environment
1988 Education Reform Act
Work related courses:
- vocational courses - apprenticeships, btecs, nvq, gnvqs
Advantage: suits pupils who are good at coursework
Disadvantage: seen as low status by educational institutes and people, schools use this to get more points on league tables.
Marketisation: advertising your school
- booklets, open days, prospectus, videos
Advantage: raises standards, can help gain consumers, competition between schools
Disadvantage: expensive, waste of money if alot of consumers are not gained
Marketisation
PARENTAL CHOOSERS:
PRIVELLEGED:
- STRONGLY MOTIVATED TO CHOOSE SCHOOL FOR THEIR CHILDREN
- ABILITY AND TIME TO DECIDE ON APPROPRIATE SCHOOL
- CULTURAL AND MATERIAL CAPITAL
- USUALLY MIDDLE CLASS
- INSIDE KNOWLEDGE ON EDUCATION SYSTEM
- PREPARED TO MOVE OR PAY FOR PRIVATE DUCATION TO RECIVE BEST EDUCATION
SEMI-SKILLED:
- JUST AS PASSIONATE AS PRIVELLEGED
- LACK OF INSIDE KNOWLEDGE ON ED SYSTEM
- LACK OF MATERIAL AND CULTURAL CAPITAL
- LOCAL SCHOOL OVER OVERSUSCRIBED SCHOOL
- PROBLEMS INTERPRETING LEAGUE TABLES
Marketisation
DISCONNECTED CHOOSERS:
- CHILD'S WELFARE OVER ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
- DO NOT OWN A CAR, NO EASY ACCESS TO PUBLIC TRANSPORT
- MORE ABOUT WHATS CONVIENIENT
- UNDERSUSCRIBED SCHOOL
- WORKING CLASS
NEW LABOUR POLICES EST. 1997
- NUMERACY AND LITERACY HOURS (EQUALITY)
- TARGET SETTING (EQAULITY + MARKETISATION)
- REDUCTION OF CLASS SIZES (EQUALITY)
- EDUCATION ACTION ZONES (EQUALITY)
- CIRRICULUM 2000 (EQUALITY)
- SURE START (EQUALITY)
- HOMEWORK CLUBS(EQUALITY)
- ACADEMIES (MARKETISATION)
- EMA(EQUALITY)
- INCREASING SCHOOL LEAVING AGE AT 18(EQUALITY)
- NAMING AND SHAMING (MARKETISATION)
- SPECIALIST SCHOOLS (MARKETISATION)
CRITICISM OF NEW LABOUR POLICIES:
- VARIETY OF SCHOOL TYPES DOES NOT DEAL WITH INEQUALITY
- WHITTY 2002 SEES EMA HELPING WORKING CLASS STUDENTS ON AT POST 16 BUT HIGHER EDUCATION FEES STOP THEM FROM GOING FURTHER
- SELECTIVE SCHOOLS + FEE PAYING SCHOOLS EXSIST, EQUALITY CANNOT OCCUR
- MARKETISATION GLOSSES OVER THE UNDERLYING ISSUES ON INEQUALITY
COALITION POLICIES
- ACADEMIES
- INCREASING SCHOOL LEAVING AGE
- ENGLISH BACCALAUREATE
- TUITION FEES
- PUPIL PREMIUM
VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
YOUTH TRAINING SCHEME
- ONE YEAR TRAINING SCHEME COMBINING WORK EXPERIENCE WITH EDUCATION FOR SCHOOL LEAVERS
CRITICISMS
- SKILLS TAUGHT AT YTS ONLY APPROPRIATE FOR JOBS IN SECONDARY LABOUR MARKET - UNSKILLED, INSECURE, LOW PAID JOBS
NVQS
- VOCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS FOR PARTICULAR OCCUPATIONS
- JOB SPECIFIC QUALIFICATIONS
GNVQS
- STUDIED IN SCHOOL, ALTERNATIVE TO ACADEMIC COURSES, E.G LIESURE AND TOURSIM AND HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE
VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
APPRENTICESHIPS
- TRAINING AT WORK AND PART TIME ATTENDANCE AT COLLEGE WITH AIM OF ACHIEVING NVQ LEVEL 3 QUALIFICATION
CRITICISMS OF VC
- FINN: HIDDEN POLITICAL AGENDA: PROVIDES CHEAP LABOUR MARKET FOR EMPLOYERS - LOW PAY RATES
- STRATHDEE - CREATES INEQUALITY FOR WORKING CLASS STUDENTS AND ETHNIC MINORITY STUDENTS - LEADING TO LOW PAID, UNSKILLED JOBS, WHILST MIDDLE CLASS ARE OPT FOR ACADEMIC COURSES.
- NOT RECOGNISED AS A QUALIFICATION
- NO CHANCE OF SOCIAL MOBILITY
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